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I wonder how I can align undersets below equations of matrix. I tried underset and stack under for the scripts, and tried vphantom for aligning. Your help will be much appreciated!

I need the below equation: enter image description here

But instead, I have this:enter image description here

My code is:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}    
\begin{equation}

\begin{equation}
\underset{\pmb{y}\in \mathbb{R}^m}{\begin{bmatrix}
18\\5\\15\\-9\\-3\\
\end{bmatrix}}= 
\underset{\pmb{A}\in \mathbb{R}^m\times n}{\begin{bmatrix}
4 & 0 & 0 & -2 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 3 & 0\\
0 & 5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
1 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & -4 \\
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -5 & 0
\end{bmatrix}}
\underset{\pmb{x}\in \mathbb{R}^n}{\begin{bmatrix}
2\\ 3\\ -2\\ -5\\ 1\\ 4
\end{bmatrix}}

\end{equation}
\end{document}
1
  • Welcome to TeX.SX! Please help us (and also you) and add a full minimal working example (MWE), with preamble. Reproducing the problem and finding out what the issue is will be much easier when we see compilable code, starting with \documentclass and ending with \end{document}.
    – Bobyandbob
    Nov 11, 2017 at 17:29

2 Answers 2

3

very simple ... just add a \vphantom of the height of the tallest matrix to the other two.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}    

\begin{equation}
\underset{\pmb{y}\in \mathbb{R}^m}{%
\vphantom{\begin{bmatrix}0\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0\end{bmatrix}}
\begin{bmatrix}
18\\5\\15\\-9\\-3\\
\end{bmatrix}}= 
\underset{\pmb{A}\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}}{%
\vphantom{\begin{bmatrix}0\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0\end{bmatrix}}
\begin{bmatrix}
4 & 0 & 0 & -2 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 3 & 0\\
0 & 5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
1 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & -4 \\
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -5 & 0
\end{bmatrix}}
\underset{\pmb{x}\in \mathbb{R}^n}{\begin{bmatrix}
2\\ 3\\ -2\\ -5\\ 1\\ 4
\end{bmatrix}}
\end{equation}
\end{document}

output of example code

a couple of comments:
- don't leave blank lines inside of any math; this will always result in an error.
- i removed an extra \begin{equation} from the provided example.

4
  • It should be \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}; also \pmb leads to bad output and \bm should be used instead.
    – egreg
    Nov 11, 2017 at 19:01
  • @egreg -- to paraphrase @egreg, "i just used what was provided by the op." (but i agree that using \bm is much to be preferred. i fixed the superscript. Nov 11, 2017 at 19:21
  • Thanks a lot for the solution and the comments. I was giving an integer to \vphantom, I’m new..
    – kneazle
    Nov 12, 2017 at 10:31
  • @kneazle -- you can let us know which answer you found most useful by clicking on the check mark that appears by the answer. Nov 12, 2017 at 15:20
2

You can use an array:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{bm}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}    
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}c@{}}
\begin{bmatrix}
18\\5\\15\\-9\\-3\\
\end{bmatrix}
&{}={}&
\begin{bmatrix}
4 & 0 & 0 & -2 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & 3 & 0\\
0 & 5 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
1 & 0 & 0 & -1 & 0 & -4 \\
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & -5 & 0
\end{bmatrix}
&
\begin{bmatrix}
2\\ 3\\ -2\\ -5\\ 1\\ 4
\end{bmatrix}
\\[1ex]
\mathclap{\scriptstyle\bm{y}\in \mathbb{R}^m} &&
\mathclap{\scriptstyle\bm{A}\in \mathbb{R}^{m\times n}} &
\mathclap{\scriptstyle\bm{x}\in \mathbb{R}^n}
\end{array}
\end{equation}
\end{document}

Note that it should be \mathbb{R}^{m\times n} and that you should use \bm rather than \pmb.

enter image description here

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