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two questions: first one: 1-how do i make the line going from q2 to q6 go around q5 and not throw q4 and q5? i tried [Bend left = 120] and other numbers but i won't go around it what matter i put as a number.

the second one is: 2- how do i make the arrow from q1 to q4 two separate arrows and not allowing them to share the arrow?

This is my code:

\documentclass{article}

 \usepackage{tikz}

\usetikzlibrary{automata,positioning}
  \begin{document}

 \begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,node distance=2cm,on grid,auto] 
 \node[state,initial] (q_0)   {$q_0$}; 
 \node[state,accepting] (q_1) [ right=of q_0] {$q_1$}; 
 \node[state] (q_2) [right=of q_1] {$q_2$}; 
 \node[state] (q_3) [ below=of q_0] {$q_3$}; 
 \node[state] (q_4) [ below=of q_1] {$q_4$}; 
 \node[state] (q_5) [ below=of q_2] {$q_5$}; 
 \node[state] (q_6) [ below=of q_3] {$q_6$}; 
 \path[->] 
 (q_0) edge  node {a} (q_1)
 edge  node {c} (q_3)
 edge  node {b} (q_4)
 (q_1) edge  node  {c} (q_2)
 edge  node {a} (q_4)
 edge [loop above] node {b} ()
 (q_2)edge  node {a} (q_4) 
 edge  node {a} (q_4)
 edge  [bend left] node {b} (q_6)
 edge [loop above] node {c} ()
 (q_3) edge  node  {b} (q_6)
 edge  node {a} (q_1)
 edge [loop left] node {c} ()
 (q_4) edge  node  {c} (q_5)
 edge  node {a} (q_1)
 edge [loop left] node {b} ()
 (q_5) edge  node  {b} (q_6)
 edge  node {a} (q_2)
 edge [loop right] node {c} ()
 (q_6) 
 edge [loop left] node {a,b,c} ();

 \end{tikzpicture}

 \end{document}

this is my drawing

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2 Answers 2

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You can use the parameters in, out and looseness (in combination with eventual re-arrangements of the nodes) to avoid crossing edges. Your second problem can be solved by bending the edges, see bend left=15.

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{automata,positioning}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[shorten >=1pt,node distance=2cm,on grid,auto] 
\node[state,initial] (q_0)   {$q_0$}; 
\node[state,accepting] (q_1) [ right=of q_0] {$q_1$}; 
\node[state] (q_2) [right=of q_1] {$q_2$}; 
\node[state] (q_3) [ below=of q_0] {$q_3$}; 
\node[state] (q_4) [ below=of q_1] {$q_4$}; 
\node[state] (q_5) [ below=of q_2] {$q_5$}; 
\node[state] (q_6) [ below=of q_4] {$q_6$}; 
\path[->] 
(q_0) edge node {a} (q_1)
      edge node {c} (q_3)
      edge node {b} (q_4)
(q_1) edge node  {c} (q_2)
      edge [bend left=15] node {a} (q_4)
      edge [loop above] node {b} ()
(q_2) edge node {a} (q_4) 
      edge node {a} (q_4)
      edge [out=0, in=315] node {b} (q_6)
      edge [loop above] node {c} ()
(q_3) edge node {b} (q_6)
      edge [out=160, looseness=3] node {a} (q_1)
      edge [loop below] node {c} ()
(q_4) edge node {c} (q_5)
      edge [bend left=15] node {a} (q_1)
      edge [loop left] node {b} ()
(q_5) edge node {b} (q_6)
      edge node {a} (q_2)
      edge [loop below] node {c} ()
(q_6) edge [loop left] node {a,b,c} ();
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

For sure, the result could be further improved.

Graph of the automaton without crossing edges

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enter image description here

\documentclass[border=0.5cm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{automata,positioning}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[%
    shorten >=1pt,
    node distance=2cm,
    on grid,
    auto] 
\node[state, initial] (q_0)   {$q_0$}; 
\node[state, accepting] (q_1) [ right=of q_0] {$q_1$}; 
\node[state] (q_2) [right=of q_1] {$q_2$}; 
\node[state] (q_3) [ below=of q_0] {$q_3$}; 
\node[state] (q_4) [ below=of q_1] {$q_4$}; 
\node[state] (q_5) [ below=of q_2] {$q_5$}; 
\node[state] (q_6) [ below=of q_3] {$q_6$}; 
\path[->] 
(q_0) edge node {a} (q_1)
      edge node {c} (q_3)
      edge node[left, near end] {b} (q_4)
(q_1) edge node {c} (q_2)
      edge [bend left=10] node {a} (q_4)
      edge [loop above] node {b} ()
(q_2) edge node {a} (q_4) 
      edge [bend left, out=120, in=90, looseness=1.5] node {b} (q_6)
      edge [loop above] node {c} ()
(q_3) edge node  {b} (q_6)
      edge node[left, near end] {a} (q_1)
      edge [loop left] node {c} ()
(q_4) edge node  {c} (q_5)
      edge [bend left=10] node {a} (q_1)
      edge [loop left] node {b} ()
(q_5) edge node  {b} (q_6)
      edge node {a} (q_2)
      edge [loop right] node {c} ()
(q_6) edge [loop left] node {a,b,c} ();
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}
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  • In the original question and in your proposal, it is not obvious, which transition from either q0 to q4 or q3 to q1 the input characters a and b belong to. Maybe you can shift them a bit further.
    – Matthias
    Nov 22, 2017 at 16:20
  • Yes, you are right. I was struggling with that early. Let me try to rearrange it to see if it looks better.
    – Cragfelt
    Nov 22, 2017 at 16:25
  • By the way, this is why I decided to draw the edge from q3 to q1 around q0 although this looks a bit strange and was not requested by the author of the question.
    – Matthias
    Nov 22, 2017 at 16:42
  • @Matthias Yes. And that was a nice change you made. I decided to keep the OP's layout, and because I do not handle this kind of plots very good.
    – Cragfelt
    Nov 22, 2017 at 19:29

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