Is there a way of preventing LaTeX class article from printing keyword References. Namely, I would like to get LaTeX to print references from my database processed by BibTeX in the regular fashion but I do not word References to appear on the document.
asked Jan 9, 2012 at 22:13
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2It's not BibTeX that prints "References", but LaTeX. Please, state what class you're using.– egregCommented Jan 9, 2012 at 22:29
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I am using article class. Thanks for the prompt respond!– Predrag PunosevacCommented Jan 9, 2012 at 22:32
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3 Answers
article defines the thebibliography environment to typeset the references as a \section*. Additionally, it also modifies the headers appropriately to denote a *References "section". If you want to completely remove this from your output and just set the bibliography items, you could use
\begingroup
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\@startsection}[6]{}% gobble \section*
\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo% gobble \@mkboth
\makeatother
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{references}% References in references.bib
\endgroup
The first two command redefinitions (of \@startsection and \@mkboth) just gobbles their arguments. Grouping keeps the redefinition local so you can still use \section (and friends) afterword. A "cleaner" redefinition would be to use
\begingroup
\renewcommand{\section}[5]{}% gobble \section*{..} and \@mkboth{..}{..}
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\bibliography{references}% References in references.bib
\endgroup
Here's the original definition of thebibliography, giving rise to the above redefinitions (I've marked the two commands we want to "remove" via the redefinitions):
\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
{\section*{\refname}% <--- want to remove this
\@mkboth{\MakeUppercase\refname}{\MakeUppercase\refname}% <--- want to remove this
\list{\@biblabel{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
{\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
\leftmargin\labelwidth
\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\@openbib@code
\usecounter{enumiv}%
\let\p@enumiv\@empty
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@arabic\c@enumiv}}%
\sloppy
\clubpenalty4000
\@clubpenalty \clubpenalty
\widowpenalty4000%
\sfcode`\.\@m}
{\def\@noitemerr
{\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
\endlist}
The latter redefinition of \section assumes the 5 arguments (or tokens) absorbed are
#1:*#2:\refname(the braces{}are dropped by default)#3:\@mkboth#4:\MakeUppercase\refname#5:\MakeUppercase\refname
and is therefore class-specific. You could even go one step further and redefine it (\section) to do whatever you want as a replacement. For example
\renewcommand{\section}[5]{\par\vspace{20pt}}%
would leave a 20pt vertical space before printing the bibliography entries.
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Why not simply redefine
\sectionwith five arguments? Look at my comment to another answer– egregCommented Jan 9, 2012 at 23:42 -
In that regard,
#1=*,#2=[,#3=??,#4=]and#5=\refname(with the braces dropped, of course)? Or what do the 5 arguments represent?– Werner ♦Commented Jan 9, 2012 at 23:46 -
Werner, thank you so much for this detailed explanation! It is exactly what I need. Commented Jan 9, 2012 at 23:48
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1No, you have only to look at
\section*{\refname}\@mkboth{...}{...}in the definition ofthebibliography:#1=*,#2={\refname}, and so on. :) It doesn't matter how\sectionwas defined, as TeX uses the current definition.– egregCommented Jan 9, 2012 at 23:48
For article you could use
\renewcommand\refname{}
to suppress the word "References" at the top of the bibliography.
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2@PredragPunosevac: Note that this should still leave a noticeable gap between the end of your text and the start of your bibliography. Also, your headers will be cleared. For example, if you want a previous section's title to continue in the references area.– Werner ♦Commented Jan 9, 2012 at 23:31
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A slightly more complicated way would be
\begingroup\renewcommand\section[5]{\par\vspace{3\baselineskip}}\bibliography{mydatabase}\endgroupwhich would give you the possibility to choose the spacing between the text and the references.– egregCommented Jan 9, 2012 at 23:31 -
@Werner I noticed and I sort of could deal with it but your answer clarify things completely so that I could deal with them properly. Commented Jan 9, 2012 at 23:50
If I understand you right, you should have a look at the \nocite command.
