Adjusting Figures (Floats) Next to Tables

Question

I am wondering what is the best way to place floats directly across from a array or tabular environment. I want to get the graph to show on the right of the table of values. A picture is shown below along with a MWE.

\documentclass[12pt,letterpaper]{article}
\usepackage[margin=2.0cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}

$
\begin{array}{rr}
  -7.0 & 7.0 \\
  -6.0 & 0.067 \\
  -5.0 & -4.9 \\
  -4.0 & -7.7 \\
  -3.0 & -7.9 \\
  -2.0 & -2.9 \\
  -1.0 & 39. \\
   0 & 87. \\
   1.0 & 50. \\
   2.0 & 21. \\
   3.0 & 28. \\
   4.0 & 40. \\
   5.0 & 55. \\
   6.0 & 72. \\
   7.0 & 91.
\end{array}
$

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\scalebox{0.5}{
\includegraphics{hx.pdf}
              }
\caption{Plot of the function \( h(x) \)}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Answer 1

If you want the caption to encompass only the graph, then something like this could be what you want:

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[margin=2.0cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath,caption}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\hspace*{\fill}$
\begin{array}{rr}
  -7.0 & 7.0 \\
  -6.0 & 0.067 \\
  -5.0 & -4.9 \\
  -4.0 & -7.7 \\
  -3.0 & -7.9 \\
  -2.0 & -2.9 \\
  -1.0 & 39. \\
   0 & 87. \\
   1.0 & 50. \\
   2.0 & 21. \\
   3.0 & 28. \\
   4.0 & 40. \\
   5.0 & 55. \\
   6.0 & 72. \\
   7.0 & 91.
\end{array}
$\hfill
\begin{minipage}{.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{hx.pdf}
\caption{Plot of the function \( h(x) \)}
\end{minipage}\hspace*{\fill}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

Note the use of graphicx and its extended syntax, that avoids the \scalebox command (the demo option is just to produce the example without needing a file). Adjust to suit.

Answer 2

Include your array inside the figure:

\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
$
\begin{array}{rr}
  -7.0 & 7.0 \\
  -6.0 & 0.067 \\
  -5.0 & -4.9 \\
 ..............
   7.0 & 91.
\end{array}
$
\qquad
\scalebox{0.5}{
\includegraphics{hx.pdf}
              }
\caption{Plot of the function \( h(x) \)}
\end{figure}

While you're at it, maybe you want to change that array into a tabular, and add a couple \hlines, and/or use the package booktabs.