Source code annotation line by line

Question

I'm need to annotate source code line by line using the listings package. Here's an example of what I'm looking for (made in MS Word):

These particular examples display price of executing each line (left column) and how many times it is being called (right column).

Here's what I got going on so far (nothing done on annotations, as I'm not sure where to even start):

\documentclass[fleqn]{article}

\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}

\definecolor{codegreen}{rgb}{0,0.6,0}
\definecolor{codegray}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
\definecolor{codepurple}{rgb}{0.58,0,0.82}
\definecolor{backcolour}{rgb}{0.95,0.95,0.92}

\lstdefinestyle{mystyle}{
    backgroundcolor=\color{backcolour},   
    commentstyle=\color{codegreen},
    keywordstyle=\color{magenta},
    numberstyle=\tiny\color{codegray},
    stringstyle=\color{codepurple},
    basicstyle=\footnotesize,
    breakatwhitespace=false,         
    breaklines=true,                 
    captionpos=b,                    
    keepspaces=true,                 
    numbers=left,                    
    numbersep=5pt,                  
    showspaces=false,                
    showstringspaces=false,
    showtabs=false,                  
    tabsize=2
}

\lstset{style=mystyle}

\begin{document}
\begin{lstlisting}[language=c++,caption=Insertion sort realizacija masyve]
std::vector<int> insertion_sort_array::sort(const std::vector<int> &in) {
    std::vector<int> res(in);

    for (std::vector<int>::size_type i = 1; i < res.size(); i++) {
        for (std::size_t j = i; j > 0 && res[j - 1] > res[j]; j--) {
            int tmp = res[j - 1];
            res[j - 1] = res[j];
            res[j] = tmp;
        }
    }

    return res;
}
\end{lstlisting}
\end{document}

Answer 1

This follows up on the linked answer for tikzmark and listings. In your example's preamble, add

\usepackage[left=.5in,width=5.5in]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{tikzmark}
\usetikzmarklibrary{listings}
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes}
\newcommand{\annot}[3]{
 \node at ( {pic cs:line-texcode-#1-end} -| {current page marginpar area.east}) [left] {#2};
 \node at ( {pic cs:line-texcode-#1-end} -| {current page marginpar area.east}) [right] {#3};
}
% usage: \annot{line-number}{left remark}{right remark}

Then after the listing environment:

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]
 % draw the vertical line
 \draw ( {pic cs:line-texcode-1-start} -| {current page marginpar area.east})
  -- ( {pic cs:line-texcode-13-end} -| {current page marginpar area.east});
 \annot{1}{Kaine}{Kartai}
 \annot{2}{$c_1$}{$1$}
 \annot{4}{$T_L(\mathrm{res})$}{$1$}
 \annot{6}{$c_2$}{$\mathrm{res.length}+1$}
 \annot{7}{$c_3$}{$\sum_{i=1}^{\mathrm{res.length}}\sum_{j=0}^i 1$}
\end{tikzpicture}

Resulting in:

I'm not entirely satisfied with the spacing, but I don't know enough about geometry, listings, and tikz.