Not perfect, but lists all directories in the expansion of BSTINPUTS
(code from https://stackoverflow.com/a/918898/923955).
Make a script file containing
for i in $(echo `kpsewhich -expand-path '$BSTINPUTS'` | tr ":" "\n")
do
ls $i/*.bst
done
Running bash
over this will show
ls: ./*.bst: No such file or directory
ls: /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/bibtex/bst/*.bst: No such file or directory
ls: /usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/bibtex/bst/local/*.bst: No such file or directory
ls: /usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/*.bst: No such file or directory
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/aastex/aasjournal.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abntex2/abntex2-alf.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abntex2/abntex2-num.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abstyles/aabbrv.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abstyles/aalpha.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abstyles/anotit.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abstyles/aplain.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abstyles/aunsnot.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/abstyles/aunsrt.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/achemso/achemso.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/achemso/biochem.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/acmart/ACM-Reference-Format.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/adfathesis/adfathesis.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/adrconv/adrbirthday.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/adrconv/adrconv.bst
/usr/local/texlive/2018/texmf-dist/bibtex/bst/adrconv/adrfax.bst
[...many other lines...]
!!
tells the search library not to search the filesystem but to consult the pre-computed ls-R files that are made when you runtexhash
or equivalent command.