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The solution in the post https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/100625 is highly efficient. Unfortunately it can not be used with unicode-math, which erases the individualized symbol colors. While unicode-math does allow individual symbol coloring via \setmathfont, if too many symbols are independently colored in this way, the source will not compile.
Is there any way to make the \colorizemath code (linked above) compatible with unicode-math ?
The following snippet causes the variable x to display blue in math mode without affecting its appearance in text mode. Further, it seems to get along well with unicode-math. (This snippet can be extended to independently colour many symbols, and it compiles rapidly.)
\begingroup
\lccode`~=`x
\lowercase{\endgroup
\def~{{\color{blue}\symnormal{x}}}%
}%
\mathcode`x="8000
(Code modified from https://texfaq.org/FAQ-activechars)
\setmathfontone glyph at a time to individualize colour etc. If\setmathfontis called more than a handful of times, the symbol font limit is exceeded; hence the source does not compile. If unicode-math wants to allow dozens of characters to be customized, one\setmathfontby one, I will happily submit a bug. Unicode-math continues to be my favourite package, with its prints all over documents like dropbox.com/s/m95ta9o6ac0l8wg/Project1Report_BenBarlow.pdf?dl=0 – Benjamin Barlow Sep 6 '18 at 5:39