Weird Image Scaling in tex

Question

I have two images which I try to include in tex (greater context: trying to convert ipython notebook to tex which also has output images). I find a weird scaling problem. Both images are comparatively similar, only one is little lower. The lower one is scaled too low, lower than its normal size, while other one is scaled fully.

This is without any size specification. Below is the code. I have also given the separate links to images so one could MWE.

\documentclass[10pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}

    \includegraphics{24_confidence_intervals_shallow_examples_files/24_confidence_intervals_shallow_examples_5_0.png}
    \includegraphics{24_confidence_intervals_shallow_examples_files/24_confidence_intervals_shallow_examples_8_0.png}

\end{document}

Below is the output (pdf):

I initially thought it would be something to do with ipython (in fact it messes up with includegraphics width), so I isolated using above code, and thus individually also, my first shorter image is treated badly. Why is it so? :(

To isolate further, I also tried the same in online IDE but still same output. Please check it here

Here are the 2 images for you also to try:
1. Problematic png image
2. Normal png image

Afaik, image is not a problem as they appear correctly on notebook. Why tex shrinks the former image is the question to be tackled.

Constraint: I could add a custom width to adjust this misbehaving images but I do not want to do that (its normal sized in the notebook) mainly because ipython has redefined includegraphcis and I do not want to mess with that. Probably if max image size restriction if any there for this latex issue needed, I could try to make my script generating the problematic image to keep it of that or within that size.

Update: First doubt: I rechecked document properties again as hinted in comments, and find that the problematic image's size in cm are low compared to other image's size in cm. I have created a ticket for tikzmagic on that as well, here. however, currently tikzmagic does not support altering size in cm afaik, so looking forward if anything could be done from tex side.

Answer 1

Interesting formats

The 12kb web version reports as 32bit 14.1 x 5.4 cm; 5.56 x 2.11 inches (suggesting 72dpi) but presents itself correctly by default as 10.58 x 4.02 cm 24bit with only 726 unique colours

The 24kb "problem" file is double the above file size because it uses 64bits per pixel (unusual wasteful in itself & unclear as to why) It also claims to be HR 300dpi x 300 dpi thus presents itself as 3.39 x 1.29 cm 24bit with only 738 unique colours.

1) PNG default should be 96dpi (suitable for screen or web rendering) you only get scalar problems setting different unless its needed for other printers reasons.

2) using 64bits per pixel on graphics that at worst need 24bpp (in this case even 4bpp would be overkill) is nearly tripling storage requirement and likely tripling compilation time and most importantly if published without correction then tripling the decompression time times the number of readers.