5

I want to draw a surface of genus 3. I produced this 

\documentclass[margin=0pt]{standalone}
%---------------------------- Tikz Libraries ------------------------------%
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations, decorations.markings} 
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, arrows.meta}


\begin{document}


\begin{tikzpicture}

\draw (-2.6,-1.5) to [out=320, in=70] (-2,-4) %unterer Torus
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6) 
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8) 
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9) 
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8) 
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6) 
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4) 
to [out=110,in=220] (2.6,-1.5);
\draw (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw (-1.2,-6.4) to[bend right] (1.2,-6.4);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Which gives me

enter image description here

Now, I would like to get 2 copies of this, rotate them and glue them together to get one surface. Is there an easy way to do this?

|improve this question
  • It's a nice question, but your code produces quite a bumpy handle, plus the way you draw the "hole" should probably not be rotated. I think you might get prettier results, if you allowed answers that just draw a surface of genus 3 in tikz without using your code... (I hope you don't take offence — I don't mean to be snarky.) – Earthliŋ Dec 20 '18 at 19:05
  • I definitely agree that the "hole" shouldn't be rotated. And yes, the handle is not the nicest. What would be a better approach? – mathstackuser Dec 21 '18 at 10:21
  • Charles Staat's solution to my problem (tex.stackexchange.com/questions/231515/draw-a-smooth-surface) is a beautiful genus 3 surface. – Benjamin McKay Dec 21 '18 at 20:48
6

This is what pics are made for. You can rotate (and stretch etc.) them and also name coordinates within them that get prefixed. That allows you to connect the handles in a smooth way.

\documentclass[margin=0pt]{standalone}
%---------------------------- Tikz Libraries ------------------------------%
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{pics/.cd,
handle/.style={code={
\draw (-2.6,-1.5) coordinate (-left) to [out=320, in=70] (-2,-4) %unterer Torus
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6) 
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8) 
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9) 
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8) 
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6) 
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4) 
to [out=110,in=220] (2.6,-1.5)  coordinate (-right);
\draw (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw (-1.2,-6.4) to[bend right] (1.2,-6.4);
}}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\pic {handle};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pic (lower) at (0,1) {handle};
\pic[rotate=180] (upper) at (0,-1) {handle};
\draw (lower-left) to[out=130,in=-130] (upper-right);
\draw (lower-right) to[out=50,in=-50] (upper-left);
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

Harald Hanche-Olsen reminded me what genus-3 is, so I read the question wrong. Big thanks to Harald.

\documentclass[margin=0pt]{standalone}
%---------------------------- Tikz Libraries ------------------------------%
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{pics/.cd,
handle/.style={code={
\draw (-2.6,-1.5) coordinate (-left) to [out=320, in=70] (-2,-4) %unterer Torus
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6) 
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8) 
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9) 
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8) 
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6) 
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4) 
to [out=110,in=220] (2.6,-1.5)  coordinate (-right);
\draw (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw (-1.2,-6.4) to[bend right] (1.2,-6.4);
}}}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pic (lower) at (-0.5,0.85) {handle};
\pic[rotate around={120:(120:1)}] (tr) at (-120:1) {handle};
\pic[rotate around={-120:(-120:-1)}] (tl) at (-120:1) {handle};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

enter image description here

Here is an arguably nicer looking alternative.

\documentclass[margin=0pt]{standalone}
%---------------------------- Tikz Libraries ------------------------------%
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{pics/.cd,
handle/.style={code={
\draw[fill=gray!20]  (-2,0) coordinate (-left) 
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-2) 
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-4) 
to [out=290,in=180] (0,-6) 
to [out=0,in=250] (3,-4) 
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-2) 
to [out=120,in=280] (2,0)  coordinate (-right);
\pgfgettransformentries{\tmpa}{\tmpb}{\tmp}{\tmp}{\tmp}{\tmp}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\myrot}{-atan2(\tmpb,\tmpa)}
\draw[rotate around={\myrot:(0,-2.5)}] (-1.2,-2.4) to[bend right]  (1.2,-2.4);
\draw[fill=white,rotate around={\myrot:(0,-2.5)}] (-1,-2.5) to[bend right] (1,-2.5) 
to[bend right] (-1,-2.5);
}}}
\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\pic (lower) at (0,-pi) {handle};
\pic[rotate=120] (tr) at (30:pi) {handle};
\pic[rotate=-120] (tl) at (150:pi) {handle};
\fill[gray!20]  (lower-right) to[out=100,in=200] (tr-left)-- 
(tr-right) to[out=-130,in=-40] (tl-left)
-- (tl-right) to[out=-20,in=80] (lower-left) -- cycle;
\draw (lower-right) to[out=100,in=200] (tr-left);
\draw (tr-right) to[out=-130,in=-40] (tl-left);
\draw (tl-right) to[out=-20,in=80] (lower-left);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

|improve this answer
  • 2
    A good answer so far, but to get genus 3, you need to have three copies stitched together. You want one in the original orientation, and the two others rotated 120 and 240 degrees respectively. I don't want to steal your code for an answer of my own, so leave it to you to implement it. 8-) – Harald Hanche-Olsen Dec 20 '18 at 14:26
  • @HaraldHanche-Olsen Thanks! I was not sure what the OP wants. I read "2 copies" in the way that the OP want only two handles. But you are right, genus-3 suggests that you read the question correctly. Thanks again! – user121799 Dec 20 '18 at 14:45
  • Good! Now it's up to the OP to adjust the beginning and ending angles appropriately in order to get a smooth transition. – Harald Hanche-Olsen Dec 20 '18 at 15:34
  • 1
    I added something. +1 for your own proposal. – user121799 Dec 21 '18 at 13:00
  • 1
    @mathstackuser You can use almost precisely what you suggest: use \draw[fill=white,rotate around={\myrot:(0,-2.5)}] (-1,-2.5) to[bend right] coordinate[pos=0.7] (-A) (1,-2.5) to[bend right] (-1,-2.5); in the definition of the pic and then you can access the coordinate from outside with \draw (lower-A) -- ++ (2,-2); Note that there is a prefix, but this is of course good because each of the pics will then produce unique coordinates (as long as their names are unique). – user121799 Jan 14 at 16:54
4

Quick and dirty

\documentclass[margin=0pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations, decorations.markings}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, arrows.meta}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{scope}[rotate=180]
\draw (-2.6,-1.5) to [out=320, in=70] (-2,-4) %unterer Torus
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6)
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8)
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9)
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8)
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6)
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4)
to [out=110,in=220] (2.6,-1.5);
\draw (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw (-1.2,-6.4) to[bend right] (1.2,-6.4);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[yshift=3cm]
\draw (-2.6,-1.5) to [out=320, in=70] (-2,-4) %unterer Torus
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6)
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8)
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9)
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8)
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6)
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4)
to [out=110,in=220] (2.6,-1.5);
\draw (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw (-1.2,-6.4) to[bend right] (1.2,-6.4);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

enter image description here

|improve this answer
1

Editing some angles, this is what I got 

    \documentclass[margin=0pt]{standalone}
%---------------------------- Tikz Libraries ------------------------------%
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations, decorations.markings} 
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, arrows.meta}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\draw (-2.6,-1.5) to [out=300, in=70] (-2,-4) %Torus 1
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6) 
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8) 
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9.5) 
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8) 
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6) 
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4) 
to [out=110,in=240] (2.6,-1.5);
\draw (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw (-1.1,-6.43) to[bend right] (1.1,-6.43);

\draw[rotate=120] (-2.6,-1.5) to [out=300, in=70] (-2,-4) %Torus 2
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6) 
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8) 
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9.5) 
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8) 
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6) 
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4) 
to [out=110,in=240] (2.6,-1.5);
\draw[shift={(5.7 cm,9.25 cm)}] (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw[shift={(5.7 cm,9.25 cm)}] (-1.1,-6.43) to[bend right] (1.1,-6.43);

\draw[rotate=240] (-2.6,-1.5) to [out=300, in=70] (-2,-4) %Torus 3
to [out=260, in=60] (-3,-6) 
to [out=240, in=110] (-3,-8) 
to [out=290,in=175] (0,-9.5) 
to [out=5,in=250] (3,-8) 
to [out=70,in=300] (3,-6) 
to [out=120,in=280] (2,-4) 
to [out=110,in=240] (2.6,-1.5);
\draw[shift={(-5.8 cm,10.25 cm)}] (-1,-6.5) to[bend left] (1,-6.5);
\draw[shift={(-5.8 cm,10.25cm)}] (-1.1,-6.43) to[bend right] (1.1,-6.43);


\node[above] (v1) at (0,0) {$x$}; %Beschriftung Basispunkt
\node[below] at (0,-9.5) {1}; %Beschriftung Tori
\node[right] at (8.25,4.7) {2}; %Beschriftung Tori
\node[left] at (-8.25,4.7) {3}; %Beschriftung Tori

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

This produces

enter image description here

|improve this answer

Your Answer

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.