Here I show the out-of-the-box behaviour of an inline itemized list, and then a workaround that achieves the look I'm after. The desired look is achieved, here, by manually adding a negative space to left-align the first line of the lede. Can the alignment be made to work as desired using built in enumitem options?
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[inline]{enumitem}
\begin{document}
\section{Introduction}
\begin{itemize*}[label=,leftmargin=*,]
\item In this Introduction we have recalled the \textbf{necessary
background} on sonic screwdrivers, and presented \textbf{supporting
material} to frame our research.
\end{itemize*}
\section{Re-introduction}
\begin{itemize*}[label=,leftmargin=*,]
\item \hspace{-.5em}In this Introduction we have recalled the
\textbf{necessary background} on sonic screwdrivers, and presented
\textbf{supporting material} to frame our research.
\end{itemize*}
\end{document}
afterlabel
option, setting it toafterlabel=,
aka no value seems to work. I still do not understand the use case though.