# How to have different types of edges based on values in foreach loop?

I am trying to draw a Knodel graph using TikZ. The graph I am trying to reproduce has different style edges for each "dimension". I would like to have different edges for the different values of Delta in my foreach loop.

(A separate problem I am having is rotating the graph to look like the below)

Here is a figure from a paper that I am trying to reproduce:

Here is what I have so far:

Here is my code:

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{xparse}

\begin{document}

%from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/175520
\ExplSyntaxOn
\DeclareExpandableDocumentCommand{\floor}{m}
{
\fp_eval:n { floor ( #1 ) }
}
\ExplSyntaxOff

\tikzstyle{vertex}=[draw, circle, fill=black, inner sep=0.55mm]

\newcommand \knodel[2]{
\def\N{#1}
\def\Nhalf{\floor{\N}}
\def\Delta{#2}

%make the vertices
\foreach \j in {0, ..., \numexpr \Nhalf - 1}{
\node[label=left:{\small (1, \j)}] at (1, \j) [vertex] {};
}
\foreach \j in {0, ..., \numexpr \Nhalf - 1}{
\node[label=right:{\small (2, \j})] at (2, \j) [vertex] {};
}

%draw the edges
\foreach \j in {0, ..., \numexpr \Nhalf - 1}{
\foreach \k in {0, ..., \numexpr \Delta - 1}{
%\draw (1,j) to (2, (j + 2^k - 1) mod floor(n/2));
\pgfmathtruncatemacro \target{mod(\j + (2^\k) - 1,\Nhalf)}
\draw (1, \j) to (2, \target);
}
}
}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\knodel{8}{3}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

• I am trying to resize the image, but none of the answers at this post seem to work well... Feb 28, 2019 at 16:46

Aren't these just simple modulo arithmetics?

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\newcommand{\kaspressknodel}[2]{\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\mymod}{#1+1}
\foreach \X in {0,...,#1}
{\node[bullet,label={right:$\boldsymbol{(2,\X)}$}] (v2\X) at
(4,{1.2*(\X-(#1+0)/2)}){};
\node[bullet,label={left:$\boldsymbol{(1,\X)}$}] (v1\X) at
(1.5,{1.2*(\X-(#1+0)/2)}){};}
\foreach \X [evaluate=\X as \NextX using {int(mod(\X+3,\mymod))},
evaluate=\X as \AnotherX using {int(mod(\X+1,\mymod))},] in {0,...,#1}
{\draw[thick] (v1\X) -- (v2\NextX);
\draw[dashed] (v1\X) -- (v2\AnotherX);
\draw (v1\X) -- (v2\X);}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[bullet/.style={circle,inner sep=2pt,fill}]
\begin{scope}[local bounding box=left]
\kaspressknodel{6}{3}
\end{scope}
%
\begin{scope}[local bounding box=legend,shift={(left.east)}]
\foreach \X [count=\Y starting from 0] in {solid,dashed,thick}
{\draw[\X] (0.5,1-\Y) --++ (1,0) node[right]{dim~\Y};}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[local bounding box=right,shift={(legend.east)}]
\kaspressknodel{3}{3}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}


A more TikZy way to obtain the same result is

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\tikzset{pics/.cd,
kaspressknodel/.style n args={2}{code={\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\mymod}{#1+1}
\foreach \X in {0,...,#1}
{\node[bullet,label={right:$\boldsymbol{(2,\X)}$}] (v2\X) at
(4,{1.2*(\X-(#1+0)/2)}){};
\node[bullet,label={left:$\boldsymbol{(1,\X)}$}] (v1\X) at
(1.5,{1.2*(\X-(#1+0)/2)}){};}
\foreach \X [evaluate=\X as \NextX using {int(mod(\X+3,\mymod))},
evaluate=\X as \AnotherX using {int(mod(\X+1,\mymod))},] in {0,...,#1}
{\draw[thick] (v1\X) -- (v2\NextX);
\draw[dashed] (v1\X) -- (v2\AnotherX);
\draw (v1\X) -- (v2\X);}
}}}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[bullet/.style={circle,inner sep=2pt,fill}]
\pic[local bounding box=left] {kaspressknodel={6}{3}};
%
\begin{scope}[local bounding box=legend,shift={(left.east)}]
\foreach \X [count=\Y starting from 0] in {solid,dashed,thick}
{\draw[\X] (0.5,1-\Y) --++ (1,0) node[right]{dim~\Y};}
\end{scope}
%
\pic[local bounding box=right,shift={(legend.east)}] {kaspressknodel={3}{3}};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}


And then compressing the picture is as simple as e.g. \pic[local bounding box=left,yscale=0.8] {kaspressknodel={6}{3}};, where yscale=0.8 was added to reduce the height. You can then also rotate the diagrams or change their color.

• How can I modify your code to have it variable based on values for \N and \Delta? Feb 28, 2019 at 17:03
• @Abraham I added such a code.
– user121799
Feb 28, 2019 at 17:14
• +1 for evaluate ... as ..., this helped a lot! Thanks for this and for your edit, it's very helpful :-) Also thanks for showing a way to draw two graphs with a key in the middle! Feb 28, 2019 at 17:38
• @Abraham You're welcome!
– user121799
Feb 28, 2019 at 17:44