Something like that?
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fancyhdr,geometry,lastpage,refcount,lipsum,tikz}
\geometry{showframe}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
some text...
\newcounter{lastpagenumber}%
\setcounter{lastpagenumber}{\getrefbykeydefault{LastPage}{page}{1}}%
\cfoot{\begin{tikzpicture}
\coordinate (cn-0);
\foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX (initially 0)] in {1,...,\thelastpagenumber}
{\ifnum\X=\thepage
\node[circle,fill=red,text=white,minimum size=1cm,right=0pt of cn-\LastX] (cn-\X) {\X};
\else
\node[circle,fill=gray,text=white,minimum size=0.5cm,right=0pt of cn-\LastX] (cn-\X) {\X};
\fi
}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\lipsum[1-31]
\end{document}

Of course, one can customize the output in many ways.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fancyhdr,geometry,lastpage,refcount,lipsum,tikz}
\geometry{showframe}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
some text...
\newcounter{lastpagenumber}%
\setcounter{lastpagenumber}{\getrefbykeydefault{LastPage}{page}{1}}%
\cfoot{\begin{tikzpicture}
\coordinate (cn-0);
\foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX (initially 0)] in {1,...,\thelastpagenumber}
{\ifnum\X=\thepage
\node[circle,draw,thick,font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,fill=red,text=white,minimum size=1cm,right=0pt of cn-\LastX] (cn-\X) {\X};
\else
\node[circle,draw,font=\sffamily\bfseries,fill=gray,text=white,minimum size=0.5cm,right=0pt of cn-\LastX] (cn-\X) {\X};
\fi
}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\lipsum[1-31]
\end{document}

And if you find circles a bit dull, you could do
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{fancyhdr,geometry,lastpage,refcount,lipsum,tikzducks,tikzlings}
\geometry{showframe}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning,backgrounds}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\fancyhf{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.4pt}
some text...
\newcounter{lastpagenumber}%
\setcounter{lastpagenumber}{\getrefbykeydefault{LastPage}{page}{1}}%
\cfoot{\begin{tikzpicture}
\coordinate (cn-0);
\foreach \X [remember=\X as \LastX (initially 0)] in {1,...,\thelastpagenumber}
{\ifnum\X=\thepage
\node[font=\sffamily\Large\bfseries,text=white,minimum size=1cm,right=0pt of cn-\LastX] (cn-\X) {\X};
\begin{scope}[scale=0.4,on background layer,shift={(cn-\X.center)},yshift=-3em]
\marmot
\end{scope}
\else
\node[font=\sffamily\bfseries,text=black,minimum size=0.5cm,right=0pt of cn-\LastX] (cn-\X) {\X};
\begin{scope}[scale=0.3,on background layer,shift={(cn-\X.center)},yshift=-3em]
\koala
\end{scope}
\fi
}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\lipsum[1-31]
\end{document}
