# Create a torus from many arcs

I need to create this tikzpicture It was taken from A Homomorphic Encryption Illustrated Primer. All I have managed to create so far was this

using this code

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,arrows}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
% Create equidistant points and arc
\foreach \x [count=\p] in {0,...,11} {
\node[shape=circle,fill=black, scale=0.5] (\p) at (-\x*30:2) {};
};

% Create labes with numbers starting from 0
\foreach \x [count=\p] in {0,...,11} {
\draw (-\x*30:2.4) node {\x};
};

% Draw the arrow
\draw[->,>=stealth',thick, blue!60!black] (212:2) arc[radius=2, start angle = 212, end angle = 90];
\node at (0,0){TEXT};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}


I've searched in the direction of creating a torus but I'm still nowhere close to my Need.

This does something of that sort. If you add more explanation, it might be possible to improve it.

\documentclass[border=3.14mm,tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz-3dplot}
\usetikzlibrary{3d,decorations.markings}
\begin{document}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{2}
\begin{tikzpicture}[tdplot_main_coords]
\def\r{2}
\def\R{5}
\foreach \X in {0,...,15}
{\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{-\X*360/16}{0}{0}
\begin{scope}[tdplot_rotated_coords]
\begin{scope}[canvas is yz plane at x=0] %,transform shape
\draw[postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=between positions 0 and 1 step 0.05 with {%
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\itest}{\pgfkeysvalueof{/pgf/decoration/mark
info/sequence number}}
\ifnum\itest=20
\else
\fi}}},rotate=18] (\R,0) node{$x^{\X}$} circle[radius=\r];
\end{scope}
\end{scope}}
\draw[red,thick,-latex] plot[smooth,variable=\x,samples at={14,15,0,1,2}] (p\x-2);