How to write non-numerical content into an S-type column from siunitx package?

Question

What is wrong with this table? I think there is something wrong with $\si{\degree}$.

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath, amsthm, amssymb, mathtools}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!!]
\small
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}

\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}c c cS[table-format=3.1]c}

De  &V (km) &S ($\si{\degree}$)     &P (min)    &Per (dny)\\
\hline
A &                 840     &   98,7&   101,5&  0,07048\\
B &                 785     &   98,7&   101,4&  0,07041\\
C   &   775-790&    98,6&   100,4&  0,06972\\
D       &   612-640&    98,0&   97,1&   0,06743\\

\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 1

You are making the last column of your table as a SI (S) column, so you must wrap non-number contents in that column inside braces. Btw h!! is nonsense.

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath, amsthm, amssymb, mathtools}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!]
\small
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}

\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}c c c S[table-format=3.1]c}
De  & V (km) & S (\si{\degree}) & P (min)    &{Per (dny)}\\
\hline
A & 840     & 98,7 & 101.5 & 0,07048\\
B & 785     & 98,7 & 101.4 & 0,07041\\
C & 775-790 & 98,6 & 100.4 & 0,06972\\
D & 612-640 & 98,0 & 97.1  & 0,06743
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\end{document}

However it will change the commas to dots in the last column. To avoid this, read this question.

It seems to me that you are trying to make the second last column to be a SI column, so you should place S[table-format=3.1] somewhere else. My final answer:

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath, amsthm, amssymb, mathtools}
\usepackage[locale=FR]{siunitx}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[h!]
\small
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\linewidth}{l@{\extracolsep{\fill}}c c S[table-format=3.1]c c}
De  & V (km) & S (\si{\degree}) & {P (min)}    & Per (dny)\\
\hline
A & 840     & 98,7 & 101,5 & 0,07048\\
B & 785     & 98,7 & 101,4 & 0,07041\\
C & 775-790 & 98,6 & 100,4 & 0,06972\\
D & 612-640 & 98,0 & 97,1  & 0,06743
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\end{document}

However, take care of the last column. I intentionally keep it, but you may want to reduce its size.

Answer 2

i would wrote your table narrower:

and for last three columns use S column type:

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{amsthm, amssymb, mathtools}% mathtools load `amsmath
\usepackage[locale=FR]{siunitx}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[h!]
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.1}
\begin{tabular}{l c
                S[table-format=2.1]
                S[table-format=3.1]
                S[table-format=1.5]}
De  & V (km) & S {(\si{\degree})} & {P (min)}    & {Per (dny)}\\
    \hline
A & 840     & 98,7 & 101,5 & 0,07048\\
B & 785     & 98,7 & 101,4 & 0,07041\\
C & 775-790 & 98,6 & 100,4 & 0,06972\\
D & 612-640 & 98,0 & 97,1  & 0,06743
\end{tabular}
    \end{table}
\end{document}

note curly braces around column headers in S columns!