How to style when writing code with minted or listings

Question

I have some style references to use style in python highlighted code:

or

---

Can you achieve this type of style with minted or listings? By the way, the language is Python.

please give an example of how it is used

Answer 1

A solution sketch using the listings package

As suggested in the comments, with the listings package you can use the escapeinside option to escape from the verbatim typesetting context to call a macro that outputs a circled number.

The \circled macro is inspired by this answer but with some additions to make the circles have a fixed size. Also the background and text color can be passed as a parameter.

For the circled notes after certain lines in the listing, escapeinside = {<@}{@>} was set to escape the listing. Within those delimiters we then can use the \lstnote{...} macro to add a fixed amount of spacing plus the number in a circle.

For the circled line numbers another macro \circledstyle was defined. We make listings typeset line numbers using this style by adding the numberstyle = \circledstyle option.

The full example document:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}

\newcommand\circled[3]{%
    \tikz[baseline=(char.base)]{
        \node[shape=circle, fill=#1, inner sep=0pt, text width=8pt, align=center]
            (char) {\textcolor{#2}{\sffamily\bfseries\scriptsize #3}};
    }%
}

\newcommand\lstnote[1]{%
    \kern 1.5em%
    \circled{purple}{pink!50!white}{#1}%
}

\newcommand\circledstyle[1]{%
    \circled{gray}{white}{#1}%
}

\lstset{
    basicstyle = \ttfamily,
    language = [LaTeX]TeX,
    texcsstyle = *\color{blue},
    escapeinside = {<@}{@>},
    backgroundcolor = \color{lightgray!30!white},
    framexleftmargin = 3em,
    framerule = 0pt,
    frame = tb,
    numbers = left,
    numberstyle = \circledstyle
}

\begin{document}
\begin{lstlisting}
\documentclass{article} <@ \lstnote{1} @>
\usepackage{xcolor}  <@ \lstnote{2} @>

\begin{document}
\textcolor{blue}{Hello world!} <@ \lstnote{3} @>

New paragraph.

And another one.
\end{document}
\end{lstlisting}
\end{document}