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I am using Biblatex package and Biber as backend. The citations and the bibliography came out fine after I followed the instructions here. Basically, I had to compile the master/main file running

LaTeX, then Biber, then LaTeX again

And it worked.

But my problem now is that I have Chinese characters in my text, so I used XeLaTeX to compile. Then I thought of trying

XeLaTex masterfile--Biber masterfile--XeLaTeX masterfile,

but it did not get pass the second step because Biber requires a successful LaTeX compilation first.

How can I get around this? Thank you very much.

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    Did you try xetex or xelatex? You want xelatex. If that isn't the problem, then please provide a short MWEB that demonstrates your problem.
    – David Purton
    Commented Aug 29, 2019 at 2:34
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    Have you seen Frequently loaded packages: Differences between pdfLaTeX and XeLaTeX just to be sure you're using XeLaTeX correctly. Documents that compile with pdfLaTeX need some modifications to compile with XeLaTeX.
    – Alan Munn
    Commented Aug 29, 2019 at 2:45
  • If you can't get the BibTeX run to succeed because the XeLaTeX run (XeTeX or XeLaTeX? as David Purton says, you very probably want xelatex) didn't finish cleanly, the obvious way is to make sure that the XeLaTeX run goes smoothly. Unfortunately, there are a great many things that could be problematic here. You will have to share more about your document with us (best would be a so-called MWE tex.meta.stackexchange.com/q/228/35864 or MWEB tex.meta.stackexchange.com/q/4407/35864)
    – moewe
    Commented Aug 29, 2019 at 15:11

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Thank you, moewe.

I just realized what I was doing wrong, and what I accidentally did right.

My first compilation was actually XeLaTeX+MakeIndex+BibTeX. If I just run XeLaTeX, the .bcf file will be created or will remain. (Note: In this first run, none of the \ref will work and the output will just show ???.) After this, I can Biber masterfile.tex successfully. Finally, I can compile using XeLaTeX+MakeIndex+BibTeX. And all the \ref commands and citations will work as expected.

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  • If you don't have an index the sequence XeLaTeX, Biber, XeLaTeX, XeLaTeX is enough. No need for XeLaTeX+MakeIndex+BibTeX (which might run texify or some other tool).
    – moewe
    Commented Aug 30, 2019 at 8:12

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