Greek aspiration marks in mathmode

Question

I want to write in math-mode greek letters with aspiration marks. I've found the list of accents in math-mode here, but this list doesn't contain aspiration marks (like, for example, in this letter: ἁ, which is different from ά given by \grave{\alpha}). In addition, I will also need combined accents, such as ἕ or ἆ.

I would prefer a solution that doesn't use any special greek package, just some addition to math-mode.

Answer 1

Improving the code suggested in https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/512735/4427, here is a full list of math accents taken from the Greek font; change the names to your liking.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[LGR,T1]{fontenc} % or OT1

\DeclareSymbolFont{greekletters}{LGR}{\familydefault}{m}{n}
% lgrenc.def has
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accdialytika}{LGR}{34} % διαλυτικά (diaeresis/trema)
% \DeclareTextAccent{\acctonos}{LGR}{39} % τόνος/ὀξεῖα tonos/oxia (acute)
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accdasia}{LGR}{60} % δασεῖα spiritus asper (rough breathing)
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accpsili}{LGR}{62} % ψιλή spiritus lenis (smooth breathing)
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accvaria}{LGR}{96} % βαρεῖα (grave)
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accperispomeni}{LGR}{126} % περισπωμένη (circonflex/tilde)
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accdialytikaperispomeni}{LGR}{32} % Cd
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accdialytikatonos}{LGR}{35}       % Ad
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accdasiaperispomeni}{LGR}{64}     % Cr
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accdasiavaria}{LGR}{67}           % Gr
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accdasiaoxia}{LGR}{86}            % Ar
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accpsiliperispomeni}{LGR}{92}     % Cs
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accpsilioxia}{LGR}{94}            % As
% \DeclareTextAccent{\accpsilivaria}{LGR}{95}           % Gs

\DeclareMathAccent{\dialytika}{\mathord}{greekletters}{34}
\DeclareMathAccent{\tonos}{\mathord}{greekletters}{39}
\DeclareMathAccent{\dasia}{\mathord}{greekletters}{60}
\DeclareMathAccent{\psili}{\mathord}{greekletters}{62}
\DeclareMathAccent{\varia}{\mathord}{greekletters}{96}
\DeclareMathAccent{\perispomeni}{\mathord}{greekletters}{126}
\DeclareMathAccent{\dialytikaperispomeni}{\mathord}{greekletters}{32}
\DeclareMathAccent{\dialytikatonos}{\mathord}{greekletters}{35}
\DeclareMathAccent{\dasiaperispomeni}{\mathord}{greekletters}{64}
\DeclareMathAccent{\dasiavaria}{\mathord}{greekletters}{67}
\DeclareMathAccent{\dasiaoxia}{\mathord}{greekletters}{86}
\DeclareMathAccent{\psiliperispomeni}{\mathord}{greekletters}{92}
\DeclareMathAccent{\psilioxia}{\mathord}{greekletters}{94}
\DeclareMathAccent{\psilivaria}{\mathord}{greekletters}{95}


\begin{document}

$\dialytika{x}$
$\tonos{x}$
$\dasia{x}$
$\psili{x}$
$\varia{x}$
$\perispomeni{x}$
$\dialytikaperispomeni{x}$
$\dialytikatonos{x}$
$\dasiaperispomeni{x}$
$\dasiavaria{x}$
$\dasiaoxia{x}$
$\psiliperispomeni{x}$
$\psilioxia{x}$
$\psilivaria{x}$

\end{document}

Answer 2

A XeLaTeX solution with \text{} as @DavidCarlisle suggested and with my answer from here:

\documentclass[11pt,oneside]{article}    
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[MnSymbol]{mathspec}
%\usepackage{MnSymbol}
\defaultfontfeatures{Ligatures=TeX}
\setallmainfonts{Linux Libertine O}
\usepackage{polyglossia}
\setmainlanguage{greek}
\setotherlanguage{english}
\setmainfont{Linux Libertine O}
%\newfontfamily\greekfont{Linux Libertine O}

% Definitions of Greek (in math mode)
\def\alpha{α}
\def\alphapneuma{\text{\emph{ἁ}}}
\def\beta{β}
\def\gamma{γ}
\def\delta{δ}
\def\epsilon{ε}
\def\zeta{ζ}
\def\eta{η}
\def\theta{θ}
\def\iota{ι}
\def\kappa{κ}
\def\lambda{λ}
\def\mu{μ}
\def\nu{ν}
\def\xi{ξ}
%\def\ο{o}
\def\pi{π}
\def\rho{ρ}
\def\sigma{σ}
\def\tau{τ}
\def\upsilon{υ}
\def\phi{φ}
\def\varphi{ϕ}
\def\chi{χ}
\def\psi{ψ}
\def\omega{ω}
\def\varsigma{ς}
\def\varrho{ϱ}
\def\vartheta{ϑ}

\def\Alpha{Α}
\def\Beta{Β}
\def\Gamma{Γ}
\def\Delta{Δ}
\def\Epsilon{Ε}
\def\Zeta{Ζ}
\def\Eta{Η}
\def\Theta{Θ}
\def\Iota{Ι}
\def\Kappa{Κ}
\def\Lambda{Λ}
\def\Mu{Μ}
\def\Nu{Ν}
\def\Xi{Ξ}
%\def\Ο{O}
\def\Pi{Π}
\def\Rho{Ρ}
\def\Sigma{Σ}
\def\Tau{Τ}
\def\Upsilon{Υ}
\def\Phi{Φ}
\def\Chi{Χ}
\def\Psi{Ψ}
\def\Omega{Ω}

\begin{document}
\selectlanguage{english}

English text

\[
\alphapneuma_{\alphapneuma}
\beta_{β}
\gamma_{γ}
\delta_{δ}
\epsilon_{ε}
\zeta_{ζ}
\eta_{η}
\theta_{θ}
\iota_{ι}
\kappa_{κ}
\lambda_{λ}
\mu_{μ}
\nu_{ν}
\xi_{ξ}
%\ο_{o}
\pi_{π}
\rho_{ρ}
\sigma_{σ}
\tau_{τ}
\upsilon_{υ}
\phi_{φ}
\varphi_{ϕ}
\chi_{χ}
\psi_{ψ}
\omega_{ω}
\varsigma_{ς}
\varrho_{ϱ}
\vartheta_{ϑ}\]
\[
\Alpha_{Α}
\Beta_{Β}
\Gamma_{Γ}
\Delta_{Δ}
\Epsilon_{Ε}
\Zeta_{Ζ}
\Eta_{Η}
\Theta_{Θ}
\Iota_{Ι}
\Kappa_{Κ}
\Lambda_{Λ}
\Mu_{Μ}
\Nu_{Ν}
\Xi_{Ξ}
%\Ο_{O}
\Pi_{Π}
\Rho_{Ρ}
\Sigma_{Σ}
\Tau_{Τ}
\Upsilon_{Υ}
\Phi_{Φ}
\Chi_{Χ}
\Psi_{Ψ}
\Omega_{Ω}
\]


\selectlanguage{greek}

Ελληνικό κείμενο εδώ ἁ \alphapneuma
\end{document}

I only used \alphapneuma here and this gives: