There are two parts to this code. First is the figures and calculations after. (Indicated by the two comments). But when I run them they appeared in the reverse order.

\subsection*{Figures}
\begin{center}
%should appear first
\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{../figures/Ptime.jpg}
\caption{Pressure vs Step}
\vspace{4ex}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{../figures/temptime.jpg}
\caption{Temperature vs Step}
\vspace{4ex}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{../figures/KEtime.jpg}
\caption{Kinetic Energy vs Step}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{../figures/PEtime.jpg}
\caption{Potential Energy vs Step}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{}
\end{figure}
\end{center}
%should appear next
\textit{Calculation of Self Diffusion Coefficient}
\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
\text{slope} & = 0.0021 \\
\text{Self Diffusion Coeff} & =\frac{1}{6}\times \text{(Slope of MSD at long time)}\\
& = \frac{1}{6} \times \text{0.0021}\\
& = \SI{3.5e-4} {\text{LJ units}}
\end{split}
\end{equation*}
\text{Considering the LJ liquid to be liquid Ar, we have $\sigma = 0.34 \textit{ nm}$, $\frac{\epsilon}{k_B}=120 \textit{ K}$. }\\
\text{$\therefore \frac{{(L^*)}^2}{t^*}=\frac{{L^2}/{\sigma^2}}{t\sqrt{\frac{\epsilon}{m\sigma^2}}}\implies \frac{L^2}{t}= (\sigma^3\sqrt{m/\epsilon}) \frac{(L^*)^2}{t^*} \implies \frac{L^2}{\epsilon}=\num{2.49e-31}\frac{(L^*)^2}{t^*}$}
\linebreak
\begin{equation*}
\begin{split}
\text{Diffusion Coefficient in SI Units} &= \num{3.5e-4}\times \SI{2.489e-31}{\meter^2 /\second}\\
&=\SI{8.7e-34}{\meter^2 /\second}
\end{split}
\end{equation*}

• Search for "Figures position". It can be a pain in the neck. The [ht] after \begin{figure} is what you need to experiment with. The h is a soft "here" the t is a "top" (as in top of the page). If it is ok, try changing the t to a b (bottom), or try changing the h to a H (a "hard" here). – Emil Vatai Nov 27 '19 at 8:31
• Putting a figure inside center dies not make sense as the figure floats I would start by setting the float placement to [htp]  and work from there. The H has its uses but should not be used in a normal document – daleif Nov 27 '19 at 9:04
• did the answer below meet your requirement? – js bibra Dec 21 '19 at 14:26
• The short answer is that the {figure} environment is allowed to float to where TeX thinks is best. If you don't want that, you don't need to use the {figure} environment. A longer answer would be tex.stackexchange.com/q/39017/107497 and everything that links to it. – Teepeemm Jan 30 at 16:12

Works correctly once the text above the second eqn is shortened to just one text word considering --probably some error in the eqn --other than that lines up correctly

\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{amssymb,booktabs}
\usepackage{caption,subcaption}

\begin{document}
\subsection*{Figures}
\begin{center}
%should appear first
\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{Pressure vs Step}
\vspace{4ex}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{Temperature vs Step}
\vspace{4ex}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{Kinetic Energy vs Step}
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{example-image-a}
\caption{Potential Energy vs Step}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{}
\end{figure}
\end{center}
%should appear next
\textit{Calculation of Self Diffusion Coefficient}
$$\begin{split} TCU & = \frac{\text{purchasing cost} + \text{setup cost} + \text{holding cost}}{time} \\ & = \frac{cy+K+h\frac{y}{2}t_0}{t_0} \end{split}$$
\text{Considering the LJ liquid to be liquid Ar, we have $\sigma = 0.34 \textit{ nm}$, $\frac{\epsilon}{k_B}=120 \textit{ K}$. }\\
\text{$\therefore \frac{{(L^*)}^2}{t^*}=\frac{{L^2}/{\sigma^2}}{t\sqrt{\frac{\epsilon}{m\sigma^2}}}\implies \frac{L^2}{t}= (\sigma^3\sqrt{m/\epsilon}) \frac{(L^*)^2}{t^*} \implies \frac{L^2}{\epsilon}=\num{2.49e-31}\frac{(L^*)^2}{t^*}$}
\linebreak
$$\begin{split} TCU & = \frac{\text{purchasing cost} + \text{setup cost} + \text{holding cost}}{time} \\ & = \frac{cy+K+h\frac{y}{2}t_0}{t_0} \end{split}$$
\end{document}

• Hi, excuse me for my comment, but mathtools loads the amsmath package. Therefore you can delete amsmath . – Sebastiano Dec 30 '19 at 16:17
• @Sebastiano done! – js bibra Dec 31 '19 at 15:22
• figure shouldn't be put inside center. That could leave extra space unassociated with figure that might well change the placement of the figure, including moving it to a different page. – barbara beeton May 29 at 20:11