Longtable too wide

Question

I've created a longtable which is too wide. Reducing the fontsize is not an option because of my university's guidelines. I already tried to solve the problem by using resizebox, tabularx etc. but none of this really worked. Since I am really a beginner I might just did a easy mistake.

However, that's the code:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{longtable}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{@{}llrrr@{}} 
\caption{Industry-specific drivers of final energy demand and emissions}\\
\label{tab:IndDrivers}

\textbf{Product} & \textbf{Period} & \textbf{Production growth}  & \textbf{Energy efficiency} & \textbf{Emission share}               \\
& \textbf{} & \textbf{[\% p.a.]}  & \textbf{[\% p.a.]} & \textbf{outside EU ETS} \\
\hline
\endhead
\hline
\endfoot
Aluminium        & until 2020     & 0.7  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 0.6  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 0.5  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 0.3  &  &  \\
Ammonia          & until 2020     & 1.2  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 1.1  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 1.1  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 1.0  &  &  \\
Cement           & until 2020     & 0.6  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 1.2  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 1.0  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 0.8  &  &  \\
\end{longtable}
\end{document}

Does someone have a solution? I'd be very very thankful!

Best,

Fabian

Answer 1

With makecellyou can add breaks in the tablehead.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{longtable}

\usepackage{makecell} % ADDED
\renewcommand\theadfont{\bfseries}
\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{@{}llrrr@{}} 
\caption{Industry-specific drivers of final energy demand and emissions}\\
\label{tab:IndDrivers}

\thead{Product} & \thead{Period} & \thead{Production\\growth}  & \thead{Energy\\efficiency} & \thead{Emission share\\outside EU ETS}               \\
& \thead{} & \thead{[\% p.a.]}  & \thead{[\% p.a.]}  \\
\hline
\endhead
\hline
\endfoot
Aluminium        & until 2020     & 0.7  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 0.6  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 0.5  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 0.3  &  &  \\
Ammonia          & until 2020     & 1.2  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 1.1  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 1.1  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 1.0  &  &  \\
Cement           & until 2020     & 0.6  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 1.2  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 1.0  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 0.8  &  &  \\
\end{longtable}
\end{document}

Answer 2

Whit this simple change in headers:

\textbf{Product} & \textbf{Period} & \textbf{Production}  & \textbf{Energy} & \textbf{Emission}   \\
& \textbf{} & \textbf{growth}  & \textbf{efficiency} & \textbf{share outside} \\    
& \textbf{} & \textbf{[\% p.a.]}  & \textbf{[\% p.a.]} & \textbf{EU ETS} \\

You obtain:

And instead of until and after, you can write < 2020 or > 2040, and so on...

Answer 3

Here is another variant using nested table instead of makecell, headings aligned at the bottom baseline and using better spaces rules from booktabs. The nested tables are put inside the new command \thead. I have used more spacing between rows (\extrarowheight) and reduced the dominance of headers by setting them a grade smaller and not using bold.

I have used longtable’s built in \caption-command. In the updated answer, I have introduce some reading guidance by using \addlinespace to increasing the space between each group of rows.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{longtable, booktabs, array}

% Multi-line left-aligned text with manual line breaks.
% The base line of the whole is at the top row.
\newcommand*{\thead}[1]{%
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1}%
    \small\begin{tabular}[b]{@{}r@{}}#1\end{tabular}%
  \endgroup
}

\setlength{\extrarowheight}{1pt}

\begin{document}
\begin{longtable}{@{}llrrr@{}} 
\caption{Industry-specific drivers of final energy demand and emissions\label{tab:IndDrivers}}\\

\thead{Product} &
\thead{Period}   &
\thead{Production\\growth\\{}\footnotesize{[\% p.a.]}}&
\thead{Energy\\efficiency\\{}\footnotesize{[\% p.a.]}}   &
\thead{Emission\\ share outside\\ EU ETS}\\
\midrule
\endhead
\bottomrule
\endfoot

Aluminium        & until 2020     & 0.7  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 0.6  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 0.5  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 0.3  &  &  \\ \addlinespace[0.75ex]
Ammonia          & until 2020     & 1.2  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 1.1  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 1.1  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 1.0  &  &  \\ \addlinespace[0.75ex]
Cement           & until 2020     & 0.6  &  &  \\
                 & 2021 to 2030   & 1.2  &  &  \\
                 & 2031 to 2040   & 1.0  &  &  \\
                 & after 2040     & 0.8  &  &  \\
\end{longtable}
\end{document}