Table column does not fit

Question

I am using the tabularx package and as per previous answer this should sort by problem of having a table where rows are too wide. My understanding was this will wrap the texts and it would fit in. But actually this is going beyond the page width.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{tabularx}% for 'tabularx' env. and 'X' col. type
\usepackage{lscape} 
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{placeins}
\usepackage{caption} 
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{booktabs} % for \toprule, \midrule etc macros
\usepackage{ragged2e} % for \RaggedRight macro


\title{examle}

\author{An example from Overleaf}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}

\listoftables

%% create a derivative column type called 'L':
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\RaggedRight\hangafter=1\hangindent=1.5em}X}

\vspace{1cm}
% \newcolumntype{b}{X}
% \newcolumntype{s}{>{\hsize=.5\hsize}X}
\begin{table*}
    \caption{example}
    \label{tab:code-example}
    \centering
    % \begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{XX}
    \begin{tabularx}{1.0\textwidth}{XX}
    \toprule  % replaced all \hline commands with rules from the booktabs package
    \upshape  Representation of the code & Code \\    
    \midrule
Representation 1    
& \verb|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( LIT 100 , LIT 200, LIT 300 )| \\ 
Another representation name that can be very very long
& \verb|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( LIT 100 , INTEGER 200, LIT 300 )| \\ 
Representation 3 
& \verb|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( FLOAT 100 , NUMERIC 200, LIT ID 300 )| \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabularx}
\end{table*} 



\end{document}

Answer 1

The verbatim text is to long that can be fit in table. I may be solution that instead \verb you use \ttfamily font and enable, that text in second column cab be broken in more lines.:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{booktabs, tabularx}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\RaggedRight\hangafter=1\hangindent=1em}X}

\begin{document}

\listoftables

    \begin{table}[ht]
\caption{example}
\label{tab:code-example}
    \centering
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}>{\hsize=0.8\hsize}L
                                >{\hsize=1.2\hsize\ttfamily}L
                             @{}}
    \toprule  %
Representation of the code & Code   \\
    \midrule
Representation 1
    & ID math.ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome (LIT 100, LIT 200, LIT 300)\\
Another representation name that can be very very long
    & ID math.ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome (LIT 100, INTEGER 200, LIT 300) \\
Representation 3
    & ID math.ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome (FLOAT 100, NUMERIC 200, LIT ID 300)\\
    \bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
    \end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 2

If you take a closer look at the warnings you get upon compiling your document, you can find

\verb may be unreliable inside tabularx

This already gives a hint on why your table still overflows into the margins, although you used tabularx. To overcome this, you can use \lstinline in combination with the breaklines=true option from the listings package, which you already load in your preamble. The font that is used for the code can of course be adjusted using appropriate options inside of \lstset.

The following MWE contains two different versions of your table, one using tabularx, the other a regular tabular with p type columns. Both are as wide as the textwidth. In the example, I have also commented out unneccessary packages and added an explanation why I removed each package.

\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} not needed since this is the default with an up-to-date installation
%\usepackage{array} not needed since internally loaded by tabularx
\usepackage{wrapfig}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{tabularx}
%\usepackage{array,booktabs} Do not load packages more than once.
\usepackage{lscape} 
\usepackage{listings}
%\usepackage{color} better to use xcolor instead
%\usepackage{tabularx} Do not load packages more than once.
%\usepackage{multirow} Do not load packages more than once.
%\usepackage{lscape}  Do not load packages more than once.
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{placeins}
\usepackage{caption} 
\usepackage{enumitem}
%\usepackage{array} Do not load packages more than once.
%\usepackage{wrapfig} Do not load packages more than once.
%\usepackage{booktabs} Do not load packages more than once.
%\usepackage{tabularx} Do not load packages more than once.
\usepackage{ragged2e} % for \RaggedRight macro
\usepackage{booktabs}


\lstset{breaklines=true}

\title{ContextML Tables For the ICSE Submission}

\author{An example from Overleaf}

\begin{document}

\maketitle
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}

\listoftables


\begin{table}
    \caption{example}
    \label{tab:code-example}
    \centering
    \begin{tabularx}{1.0\textwidth}{XX}
    \toprule  % replaced all \hline commands with rules from the booktabs package
    \upshape  Representation of the code & Code \\    
    \midrule
Representation 1    
& {\lstinline|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( LIT 100 , LIT 200, LIT 300 )|} \\ 
Another representation name that can be very very long
& {\lstinline|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( LIT 100 , INTEGER 200, LIT 300 )|} \\ 
Representation 3 
& {\lstinline|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( FLOAT 100 , NUMERIC 200, LIT ID 300 )|} \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabularx}
\end{table} 


\begin{table}
    \caption{example}
    \label{tab:code-example}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{>{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{\dimexpr0.35\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}
                    >{\raggedright\arraybackslash}p{\dimexpr0.65\linewidth-2\tabcolsep}}
    \toprule  % replaced all \hline commands with rules from the booktabs package
    \upshape  Representation of the code & Code \\    
    \midrule
Representation 1    
& {\lstinline|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( LIT 100 , LIT 200, LIT 300 )|} \\ 
Another representation name that can be very very long
& {\lstinline|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( LIT 100 , INTEGER 200, LIT 300 )|} \\ 
Representation 3 
& {\lstinline|ID math . ID1 calculateSomethingAwesome ( FLOAT 100 , NUMERIC 200, LIT ID 300 )|} \\
    \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
\end{table} 


\end{document}