You appear to have cropped out the equation number align would have provided - if you are looking for just one equation number, you can uncomment the commented lines here and comment out the alignat ones - or you can have the three equation numbers with alignat.
(The excessive spacing in the code is for readability purposes here - no need for it in your actual document)
The extra braces around the min are to show it aligned with the text below - again, for illustrative purposes - I'd be inclined to agree with hesham that this may not be the best alignment for this display.
I have left the \left( and \right) on the first line to highlight the undesirable effect they have on the spacing. Please avoid them if possible.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb}
\begin{document}
%\begin{align}
%\begin{aligned}
\begin{alignat}{3}
&{\min_{x \in \mathbb{R}}} &\quad &f_i(x), &\quad &\left(i=1,\,2,\,\,\dots,\,M\right),
\\
&\text{sujeita a } &\quad &\phi_j(x)=0, &\quad &(i=1,\,2,\,\,\dots,\,J),
\\
& & &\psi_k(x)\leq 0, &\quad &(i=1,\,2,\,\,\dots,\,K),
\end{alignat}
%\end{aligned}
%\end{align}
\end{document}

\min
andf_i(x)
should be aligned separately.