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Why does this code need the tcolorbox package to compile?
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage[most]{tcolorbox}
\def\Image{\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{example-image.jpg}}
\begin{document}
\foreach \i in {1,...,2}{
\Image
\newpage
}
\end{document}
As Ulrike Fischer told, what you need is pgffor and graphicx packages. This is the minimal code.
\documentclass[]{article}
\usepackage{pgffor}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\def\Image{\includegraphics[scale=0.2]{example-image.jpg}}
\begin{document}
\foreach \i in {1,...,2}{
\Image
\newpage
}
\end{document}
But tcolorbox loads pgf package which loads graphicx and pgffor and allows to compile your code. If you want to work with tcolorbox your code is correct, but it will load too much code for your example.
