I let the author of the previous answer modify his figure because I didn't follow the same way to build this figure.
As I didn't quite understand everything you want, here is a first approach.
- I use nodes, 3 in the form of a circle, 3 in the form of a pentagon. The latter are used to place the text at the top of these pentagons.
- The radii of the circles are set, by modifying these parameters, everything is calculated automatically.
- Not having recognized the font you used, I didn't write the text.
If you have any questions, I'm listening.
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
Update
\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
%\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,calc}
\begin{document}
\def\ultrad{60mm}
\def\bigrad{45mm}
\def\smallrad{30mm}
\def\pentasmall{20mm}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[name=cercle3,shape=circle,minimum width=\ultrad] {};%invisible circle
\node[name=cercle2,shape=circle,minimum width=\bigrad] {};
\node[name=cercle1,shape=circle,draw=cyan!30!violet,fill=cyan!60!violet!40,minimum width=\smallrad] {};
% 3 pentagon used to place text at their corner
\node[name=penta1, shape=regular polygon,rotate=108,draw=cyan!50!violet,
fill = blue!80!violet!20, inner sep=.5cm,minimum width=\pentasmall]
{};
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\pentamed{(\bigrad+\smallrad)/2}
\node[name=penta2, shape=regular polygon,inner sep=0pt,minimum width=\pentamed,rotate=108]{};
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\pentabig{(\bigrad+\ultrad)/2}
\node[name=penta3, shape=regular polygon,inner sep=0pt,minimum width=\pentabig,rotate=108]{};
\node[align=center] at (penta1){Start\\ 1};
\foreach \i [evaluate=\i as \j using \i+24]in {-30,42,...,320}{
\draw (cercle1.\i)--(cercle2.\i)arc[start angle=\i,end angle=\j,radius=\bigrad/2] (cercle1.\j)--(cercle2.\j);}
%\foreach \i/\j in {-90/2,-18/{R\\3},54/5,126/7,198/4}
% \node[align=center] at ($(cercle1.\i)!.5!(cercle2.\i)$){\j};
\node[align=center,rotate=108] at (penta2.corner 1){J\\4};
\node[align=center] at (penta2.corner 2){2};
\node[align=center] at (penta2.corner 3){3};
\node at (penta2.corner 4){5};
\node at (penta2.corner 5){7};
% red
\draw[fill=red](cercle2.42)--(cercle3.42)arc[start angle=42,end angle=66,radius=\ultrad/2]--(cercle2.66)arc[start angle=66,end angle=42,radius=\bigrad/2];
\draw[fill=red](cercle2.114)--(cercle3.114)arc[start angle=114,delta angle=24,radius=\ultrad/2]--(cercle2.138)arc[start angle=138,delta angle=-24,radius=\bigrad/2];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
Old answer
\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
%\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,calc}
\begin{document}
\def\ultrad{60mm}
\def\bigrad{45mm}
\def\smallrad{30mm}
\def\pentasmall{1cm}
\tikzset{
shape example/.style= {color = black!30,
draw=cyan!50!violet,
fill = blue!80!violet!20,
very thick,
inner xsep = 2.5cm,
inner ysep = 0.5cm,
rotate=108}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[name=cercle3,shape=circle,minimum width=\ultrad] {};%invisible circle
\node[name=cercle2,shape=circle,draw,fill=cyan!20,minimum width=\bigrad] {};
\node[name=cercle1,shape=circle,draw=cyan!30!violet,fill=cyan!60!violet!40,minimum width=\smallrad] {};
% 3 pentagon used to place text at their corner
\node[name=penta1, shape=regular polygon, shape example, inner sep=.5cm,minimum width=\pentasmall]
{};
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\pentamed{(\bigrad+\smallrad)/2}
\node[name=penta2, shape=regular polygon,inner sep=0pt,minimum width=\pentamed,rotate=108]{};
\pgfmathtruncatemacro\pentabig{(\bigrad+\ultrad)/2}
\node[name=penta3, shape=regular polygon,inner sep=0pt,minimum width=\pentabig,rotate=108]{};
\node[align=center] at (penta1){Start\\ 1};
\foreach \i [evaluate=\i as \j using \i+24]in {-30,42,...,320}{
\draw (cercle1.\i)--(cercle2.\i);
\draw (cercle1.\j)--(cercle2.\j);}
%\foreach \i/\j in {-90/2,-18/{R\\3},54/5,126/7,198/4}
% \node[align=center] at ($(cercle1.\i)!.5!(cercle2.\i)$){\j};
\node[align=center,rotate=108] at (penta2.corner 1){J\\4};
\node[align=center] at (penta2.corner 2){2};
\node[align=center] at (penta2.corner 3){3};
\node at (penta2.corner 4){5};
\node at (penta2.corner 5){7};
% red
\draw[fill=red](cercle2.42)--(cercle3.42)arc[start angle=42,end angle=66,radius=\ultrad/2]--(cercle2.66)arc[start angle=66,end angle=42,radius=\bigrad/2];
\draw[fill=red](cercle2.114)--(cercle3.114)arc[start angle=114,delta angle=24,radius=\ultrad/2]--(cercle2.138)arc[start angle=138,delta angle=-24,radius=\bigrad/2];
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}