Following the accepted solution by Peter Grill for this question, I added the following line to vertically align my subplots:
\pgfplotsset{yticklabel style={text width=3em,align=right}}
This solution works for fixing the slight misalignment between the two plots, but it also messes up the y-tick labels, making them overlap the plot.
MWE:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{subfig}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.17}
\begin{document}
\definecolor{bblue}{HTML}{4F81BD}
\definecolor{rred}{HTML}{C0504D}
\definecolor{ppurple}{HTML}{9F4C7C}
\pgfplotsset{yticklabel style={text width=3em,align=right}}
\begin{figure}[]
\centering
\subfloat[]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
width = 0.9\textwidth,
height = 8cm,
xtick = data,
enlarge x limits = 0.10,
major x tick style = transparent,
symbolic x coords = {2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020},
ymajorgrids = true,
ylabel = {Gastos Totais (R\$)},
y coord trafo/.code = {\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult/1000000}},
yticklabel = {\pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\,mi},
scaled y ticks = false,
ybar = 2*\pgflinewidth,
ymin = 0,
bar width = 10pt,
legend cell align = left,
legend style = {
at = {(1, 1.05)},
anchor = south east,
column sep = 1ex
},
/pgf/number format/.cd,
1000 sep = {.}
]
\addplot[style = {bblue, fill = bblue, mark = none}]
coordinates {(2010, 134148978.40)
(2011, 163850342.64)
(2012, 189780916.97)
(2013, 226166578.45)
(2014, 246515645.81)
(2015, 313435568.42)
(2016, 321922725.99)
(2017, 351241496.32)
(2018, 348859916.86)
(2019, 464608106.68)
(2020, 316765254.56)};
\addplot[style = {rred, fill = rred, mark = none}]
coordinates {(2010, 584857230.67)
(2011, 633624150.04)
(2012, 675257494.54)
(2013, 730684305.39)
(2014, 837961674.33)
(2015, 890103343.15)
(2016, 937943259.40)
(2017, 988067801.53)
(2018, 1043622588.84)
(2019, 1264544768.36)
(2020, 844383399.89)};
\legend{Defensoria Pública, Ministério Público}
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
\subfloat[]{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
width = 0.9\textwidth,
height = 6cm,
grid = both,
xtick = data,
enlarge x limits = 0.10,
symbolic x coords = {2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020},
ylabel = {Diferença (R\$)},
y coord trafo/.code={\pgfmathparse{\pgfmathresult/1000000}},
yticklabel = \pgfmathprintnumber{\tick}\,mi,
scaled y ticks = false
]
\addplot[style = {ppurple, mark = *}]
coordinates {(2010, 450708252.27)
(2011, 469773807.40)
(2012, 485476577.57)
(2013, 504517726.94)
(2014, 591446028.52)
(2015, 576667774.73)
(2016, 616020533.41)
(2017, 636826305.21)
(2018, 694762671.98)
(2019, 799936661.68)
(2020, 527618145.33)};
\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
\caption*{My Caption}
\label{fig:gastos-mpdp}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
Generates the following image:
Commenting out that light aligns the labels and misaligns the plots. I've tried using a table environment instead of figure and subfloats but I get the exact same behavior.
3em
in\pgfplotsset{yticklabel style={text width=3em,align=right}}
is a suggestion that worked in the accepted answer. You can try e.g.\pgfplotsset{yticklabel style={text width=4em,align=right}}
.