Packages for standard solar system (astronomical) symbols

Question

I want to get this specific set of symbols through some latex packages.

Photo source: https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/resources/680/solar-system-symbols/

I have tried using the packages mathabx and wasysym.

The package mathabx gives my desired earth symbol and the symbols font is scaled properly when I am using them as subscripts. But I don't like its Saturn symbol. Also, it's giving some error messages by interacting with the other important packages such as amsfont, amsmath etc.

On the other hand, the package wasysym doesn't give my desired earth symbol, and the symbols font isn't scaled properly when I am using them as subscripts. My issue can be understood by running this MWE:

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}  % Default class for composing an article
\usepackage{mathabx}
\usepackage{gensymb}
\usepackage{amsmath, amsthm, amssymb, amsfonts} 
\usepackage{physics}   
\usepackage{wasysym} 

\newcommand{\e}{\earth}
\newcommand{\sa}{\saturn}
%------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\begin{document}

\begin{align}
    \text{Using mathabx : }& \nonumber \\
    & \Saturn : g_\Saturn, \quad \Earth : g_\Earth \\
        \text{Using wasysym : }& \nonumber \\
        & \saturn : g_{\saturn}, \quad \earth : g_{\earth} 
\end{align}

\begin{align}
    \text{Using mathabx : }& \nonumber \\
    &\frac{\Delta m_\Saturn}{m-m_\Earth} = \left( 1 - e^{-\frac{\Delta v_\Saturn}{I_{\text{sp}}g_\Earth}} \right) \label{del m_A}  \\
        \text{Using wasysym : }& \nonumber \\
        & \frac{\Delta m_{\saturn}}{m-m_{\earth}} = \left( 1 - e^{-\frac{\Delta v_{\saturn}}{I_{\text{sp}}g_{\earth}}} \right) \label{del m_A} 
\end{align}

\end{document}

How can I generate the desired symbols as given in the photo and also with proper font scaling (while using as subscript/superscript)? Are there any other dedicated/updated packages available for these symbols?

Answer 1

Here is an option using the starfont package. Math versions of the symbols are declared separately to provide proper scaling in sub/superscripts.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[
    starfontserif % comment for sans glyphs
    ]{starfont}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\DeclareSymbolFont{starfontsym}{OT1}{sts}{m}{n}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathSun}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{115}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathMercury}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{102}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathVenus}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{103}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathTerra}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{76}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathvarTerra}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{108}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathMoon}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{100}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathvarMoon}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{97}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathMars}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{104}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathJupiter}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{106}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathSaturn}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{83}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathUranus}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{70}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathvarUranus}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{65}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathNeptune}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{71}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathPluto}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{74}
\DeclareMathSymbol{\mathvarPluto}{\mathord}{starfontsym}{72}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{rcc}
Sun & \Sun \\
Mercury & \Mercury \\
Venus & \Venus \\
Earth & \Terra & \varTerra \\
Moon & \Moon & \varMoon \\
Mars & \Mars \\
Jupiter & \Jupiter \\
Saturn & \Saturn \\
Uranus & \Uranus & \varUranus \\
Neptune & \Neptune \\
Pluto & \Pluto & \varPluto
\end{tabular}

\begin{align}
    & \mathSaturn : g_\mathSaturn, \quad \mathTerra : g_\mathTerra
\end{align}

\begin{align}
    &\frac{\Delta m_\mathSaturn}{m-m_\mathTerra} = \left( 1 - e^{-\frac{\Delta v_\mathSaturn}{I_{\mathrm{sp}}g_\mathTerra}} \right)
\end{align}

\end{document}

You can figure out the numbers used in \DeclareMathSymbol by looking at the corresponding definitions in starfont.sty.