# Can the split environment be used for only one equation?

Within the span of half of a page, the User's Guide for the amsmath Package gives conflicting assertions about whether the equation or align or gather environment housing the split structure can contain only one equation or multiple equations.

Well, which is it?

Also, what is a good way to split multiple long equations in an align environment?

Here is an MWE try: It has three equations, two of which have long right-hand-sides that need to be split over multiple lines. There should be only three equation numbers on the left side

\begin{align}
\framebox[0.3\columnwidth]{eqn 1 LHS} &=              \framebox[.4\columnwidth]{eqn 1 RHS 1}\\
&\hphantom{=} + \framebox[.4\columnwidth]{eqn 1 RHS 2}\\
\framebox[.25\columnwidth]{eqn 2 LHS} &= \framebox[.35\columnwidth]{eqn 2 RHS}\\
\framebox[0.35\columnwidth]{eqn 3 LHS} &=              \framebox[.35\columnwidth]{eqn 3 RHS 1}\\
&\hphantom{=} + \framebox[.35\columnwidth]{eqn 3 RHS 2}\\
\end{align}


• Can it be the only thing in any line of align environment? Nov 23 '20 at 21:02
• Welcome to TeX.SE.
– Mico
Nov 23 '20 at 21:13
• I don't see a conflict or contradiction between the sentences you highlighted in yellow and red. The first highlighted sentence says (correctly, in my view) that a split environment should contain the entire body of the enclosing "structure", while the second highlighted sentence implies (to my reading, at least) that a gather environment can contain more than one "structure" -- and hence more than one split environment.
– Mico
Nov 23 '20 at 21:13
• Your question as to "what is a good way to split multiple long equations in an align environment" cannot be answered meaningfully without knowing the contents of the equations.
– Mico
Nov 23 '20 at 21:44

Can the split environment be used for only one equation?

Using the sentence you highlighted in yellow, I believe the answer should be

A split environment should contain the entire body of the enclosing structure.

What may give rise to confusion is the term "structure". Consider the case of

a = b
= c


which I trust can be accepted as an example of a particular structure, viz., a two-line equation. Now consider three different ways to typeset this two-line equation/structure. The first uses split, with split enclosing the entire structure; the second uses aligned; and the third tries to mimic the second but with the use of split. The first two ways succeed, whereas the third quite obviously does not. Observe also that I could have placed the first two structures in independent equation* environments without provoking a change in the way the structures end up getting typeset.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{gather*}
\begin{split}  % this is ok
a &= b \\
&= c
\end{split}\1ex] a \begin{aligned}[t] % this is ok too &= b \\ &= c \end{aligned} \end{gather*} \[ a \begin{split} % this is not ok &= b \\ &= c \end{split}
\end{document}