Table causes wrong page break

Question

The page break works on every page

But it does not work for page 11

When I remove the following table, everything works properly:

\begin{longtable}[c]{| c | c |}
 \caption{Determined damping factors in experiments in the air}\\
 \hline
 Run & Damping factor in 1/s \\
 \hline
 \endfirsthead
 \endhead
 \hline
 \endfoot
1 & 6,503 * \(10^{-3}\)\\
2 & 4,392 * \(10^{-3}\)\\
3 & 3,900 * \(10^{-3}\)\\
\end{longtable}

I have been searching for the issue a long time but could not find a solution.

Answer 1

If I use a development version of longtable from the longtable4.14 branch of the latex3 github your example has better page breaks

The issue is essentially a duplicate of this one (amongst others)

longtabu and floats: wrong table breaks on pages with floats

I hope to get longtable updated at some point but there are some compatibility issues to address

lt 4.13

lt 4.14

%%
%% This is file `longtable.sty',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% longtable.dtx  (with options: `package')
%% 
%% This is a generated file.
%% 
%% The source is maintained by the LaTeX Project team and bug
%% reports for it can be opened at https://latex-project.org/bugs/
%% (but please observe conditions on bug reports sent to that address!)
%% 
%% Copyright (C) 1993-2020
%% The LaTeX3 Project and any individual authors listed elsewhere
%% in this file.
%% 
%% This file was generated from file(s) of the Standard LaTeX `Tools Bundle'.
%% --------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% 
%% It may be distributed and/or modified under the
%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either version 1.3c
%% of this license or (at your option) any later version.
%% The latest version of this license is in
%%    https://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.3c or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 2005/12/01 or later.
%% 
%% This file may only be distributed together with a copy of the LaTeX
%% `Tools Bundle'. You may however distribute the LaTeX `Tools Bundle'
%% without such generated files.
%% 
%% The list of all files belonging to the LaTeX `Tools Bundle' is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%% 
%% File: longtable.dtx Copyright (C) 1990-2020 David Carlisle
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/06/01]
\providecommand\DeclareRelease[3]{}
\providecommand\DeclareCurrentRelease[2]{}

\DeclareRelease{}{2020-01-02}{longtable-2020-01-07.sty}
\DeclareCurrentRelease{}{2020-02-07}

\ProvidesPackage{longtable}
          [2020-02-07 v4.14 Multi-page Table package (DPC)]
\def\LT@err{\PackageError{longtable}}
\def\LT@warn{\PackageWarning{longtable}}
\def\LT@final@warn{%
  \AtEndDocument{%
    \LT@warn{Table \@width s have changed. Rerun LaTeX.\@gobbletwo}}%
  \global\let\LT@final@warn\relax}
\DeclareOption{errorshow}{%
  \def\LT@warn{\PackageInfo{longtable}}}
\DeclareOption{pausing}{%
  \def\LT@warn#1{%
    \LT@err{#1}{This is not really an error}}}
\DeclareOption{set}{}
\DeclareOption{final}{}
\ProcessOptions
\newskip\LTleft       \LTleft=\fill
\newskip\LTright      \LTright=\fill
\newskip\LTpre        \LTpre=\bigskipamount
\newskip\LTpost       \LTpost=\bigskipamount
\newcount\LTchunksize \LTchunksize=200
\let\c@LTchunksize\LTchunksize
\newdimen\LTcapwidth  \LTcapwidth=4in
\newbox\LT@head
\newbox\LT@firsthead
\newbox\LT@foot
\newbox\LT@lastfoot
\newbox\LT@gbox
\newcount\LT@cols
\newcount\LT@rows
\newcounter{LT@tables}
\newcounter{LT@chunks}[LT@tables]
\ifx\c@table\undefined
  \newcounter{table}
  \def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\fi
\ifx\tablename\undefined
  \def\tablename{Table}
\fi
\newtoks\LT@p@ftn
\mathchardef\LT@end@pen=30000
\def\longtable{%
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  \else
     \ifnum\col@number>\@ne
       \@twocolumntrue
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  \fi
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    \LT@err{longtable not in 1-column mode}\@ehc
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  \begingroup
  \@ifnextchar[\LT@array{\LT@array[x]}}
\def\LT@array[#1]#2{%
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  \let\\\LT@tabularcr\let\tabularnewline\\%
  \def\newpage{\noalign{\break}}%
  \def\pagebreak{\noalign{\ifnum`}=0\fi\@testopt{\LT@no@pgbk-}4}%
  \def\nopagebreak{\noalign{\ifnum`}=0\fi\@testopt\LT@no@pgbk4}%
  \let\hline\LT@hline \let\kill\LT@kill\let\caption\LT@caption
  \@tempdima\ht\strutbox
  \let\@endpbox\LT@endpbox
  \ifx\extrarowheight\@undefined
    \let\@acol\@tabacol
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    \def\@startpbox{\vtop\LT@startpbox}%
    \let\@@startpbox\@startpbox
    \let\@@endpbox\@endpbox
    \let\LT@LL@FM@cr\@tabularcr
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      \dimen@=\pageshrink
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          {\LT@save@row}}}%
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    \LT@warn{Column \@width s have changed\MessageBreak
             in table \thetable}%
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  \endgroup
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  \ifvoid\footins\else\insert\footins{}\fi}
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    \expandafter\LT@nofcols
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  \relax\iffalse{\fi\ifnum0=`}\fi
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    {\LT@t@bularcr}}
\let\LT@crcr\crcr
\let\LT@setprevdepth\relax
\def\LT@t@bularcr{%
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  \ifnum\LT@rows=\LTchunksize
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      \prevdepth\z@
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    \expandafter\LT@xtabularcr
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    \ifnum0=`{}\fi
    \expandafter\LT@LL@FM@cr
  \fi}
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\def\LT@ntabularcr{%
  \ifnum0=`{}\fi
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  \LT@start
  \unvbox\z@
  \LT@get@widths
  \LT@bchunk}
\def\LT@argtabularcr[#1]{%
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  \ifdim #1>\z@
    \unskip\@xargarraycr{#1}%
  \else
    \@yargarraycr{#1}%
  \fi
  \LT@echunk
  \LT@start
  \unvbox\z@
  \LT@get@widths
  \LT@bchunk}
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  \global\setbox\LT@gbox\lastbox
    \unskip
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\def\LT@entry@chop#1#2{%
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       1}{0pt%
     \else
       #1}{#2%
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\def\LT@entry@write{%
  \noexpand\LT@entry^^J%
  \@spaces}
\def\LT@kill{%
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  \LT@get@widths
  \expandafter\LT@rebox\LT@bchunk}
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  \unskip
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         \else
           \relax
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        !%
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       \aftergroup\LT@blank@row
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  \fi}
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\def\LT@get@widths{%
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    \ifhbox\tw@
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  \fi}
\def\LT@def@row{%
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    \else
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    \expandafter\LT@max@sel\@tempa
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\def\LT@max@sel#1#2{%
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     #1%
   \else
     \number\c@LT@chunks
   \fi}%
  {\the\wd\tw@}}
\def\LT@hline{%
  \noalign{\ifnum0=`}\fi
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\def\LT@@hline{%
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    \global\let\@gtempa\@gobble
    \gdef\LT@sep{\penalty-\@medpenalty\vskip\doublerulesep}%
  \else
    \global\let\@gtempa\@empty
    \gdef\LT@sep{\penalty-\@lowpenalty\vskip-\arrayrulewidth}%
  \fi
  \ifnum0=`{\fi}%
  \multispan\LT@cols
     \unskip\leaders\hrule\@height\arrayrulewidth\hfill\cr
  \noalign{\LT@sep}%
  \multispan\LT@cols
     \unskip\leaders\hrule\@height\arrayrulewidth\hfill\cr
  \noalign{\penalty\@M}%
  \@gtempa}
\def\LT@caption{%
  \noalign\bgroup
    \@ifnextchar[{\egroup\LT@c@ption\@firstofone}\LT@capti@n}
\def\LT@c@ption#1[#2]#3{%
  \LT@makecaption#1\fnum@table{#3}%
  \def\@tempa{#2}%
  \ifx\@tempa\@empty\else
     {\let\\\space
     \addcontentsline{lot}{table}{\protect\numberline{\thetable}{#2}}}%
  \fi}
\def\LT@capti@n{%
  \@ifstar
    {\egroup\LT@c@ption\@gobble[]}%
    {\egroup\@xdblarg{\LT@c@ption\@firstofone}}}
\def\LT@makecaption#1#2#3{%
  \LT@mcol\LT@cols c{\hbox to\z@{\hss\parbox[t]\LTcapwidth{%
    \sbox\@tempboxa{#1{#2: }#3}%
    \ifdim\wd\@tempboxa>\hsize
      #1{#2: }#3%
    \else
      \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
    \fi
    \endgraf\vskip\baselineskip}%
  \hss}}}
\def\LT@output{%
  \ifnum\outputpenalty <-\@Mi
    \ifnum\outputpenalty > -\LT@end@pen
      \LT@err{floats and marginpars not allowed in a longtable}\@ehc
    \else
      \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv}%
      \ifdim \ht\LT@lastfoot>\ht\LT@foot
        \dimen@\pagegoal
        \advance\dimen@\ht\LT@foot
        \advance\dimen@-\ht\LT@lastfoot
        \ifdim\dimen@<\ht\z@
          \setbox\@cclv\vbox{\unvbox\z@\copy\LT@foot\vss}%
          \@makecol
          \@outputpage
          \global\vsize\@colroom
          \setbox\z@\vbox{\box\LT@head}%
        \fi
      \fi
        \unvbox\z@\box\ifvoid\LT@lastfoot\LT@foot\else\LT@lastfoot\fi
    \fi
  \else
    \setbox\@cclv\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv\copy\LT@foot\vss}%
    \@makecol
    \@outputpage
      \global\vsize\@colroom
    \copy\LT@head\nobreak
  \fi}
\def\LT@end@hd@ft#1{%
  \LT@echunk
  \ifx\LT@start\endgraf
    \LT@err
     {Longtable head or foot not at start of table}%
     {Increase LTchunksize}%
  \fi
  \setbox#1\box\z@
  \LT@get@widths
  \LT@bchunk}
\def\endfirsthead{\LT@end@hd@ft\LT@firsthead}
\def\endhead{\LT@end@hd@ft\LT@head}
\def\endfoot{\LT@end@hd@ft\LT@foot}
\def\endlastfoot{\LT@end@hd@ft\LT@lastfoot}
\def\LT@startpbox#1{%
  \bgroup
    \color@begingroup
    \let\@footnotetext\LT@p@ftntext
    \setlength\hsize{#1}%
    \@arrayparboxrestore
    \vrule \@height \ht\@arstrutbox \@width \z@}
\def\LT@endpbox{%
  \@finalstrut\@arstrutbox
  \color@endgroup
  \egroup
  \the\LT@p@ftn
  \global\LT@p@ftn{}%
  \hfil}
\def\LT@p@ftntext#1{%
  \edef\@tempa{\the\LT@p@ftn\noexpand\footnotetext[\the\c@footnote]}%
  \global\LT@p@ftn\expandafter{\@tempa{#1}}}%
\endinput
%%
%% End of file `longtable.sty'.

Answer 2

The problem was indeed the longtable. Replaced it by a tabluar table and everything works now properly.