How to balance last page of two-column layout?

Question

I create a document in two-column-layout with LaTeX (and Koma-Script, if that is relevant). The two-column-layout is defined in documentclass. The last page of an chapter fills the left column first - the result is that both column are of different length. How can I balance that?

EDIT: flushend like mentioned in the answer of TH. doesn't work for me. Maybe it is conflicting with some other package I use?

EDIT 2: OK, after I tested with lipsum like suggested from Joseph Wright I saw it balanced. I tried a little bit and could find out, that flushend only balances the columns in the last chapter, not in all of them. Knowing that, I could see, that it is true for my document too, the last chapter has balanced columns. How can I achieve it for all of them? Here my short example:

\documentclass[a4paper, 10pt, twocolumn, DIV=18]{scrbook}

    \usepackage{flushend}
    \usepackage{lipsum}

    \begin{document}

    \chapter{test}

        \lipsum
        \lipsum

    \chapter{second}

        \lipsum
        \lipsum

    \chapter{third}

        \lipsum
        \lipsum

\end{document}

Answer 1

You can also use \usepackage{multicol} and use the \begin{multicols}{x} environment where x is the amount of columns. They will automatically align themselves according to what you want.

Answer 2

I'm not sure about Koma-Script in particular, but I've had reasonably good luck using the flushend package with a variety of conference-provided document classes. The use is pretty simple:

\usepackage{flushend}

and that's all it takes. There can occasionally be issues with pdf links being broken across columns.

Answer 3

\usepackage{balance} in the beginning of the latex document, and then add \balance somewhere in the left column text of the last page.

Answer 4

Neither the flushend nor balance environment works for me with or without lipsum; when I use them either nothing happens or the last page disappears. Since most of the papers I work with contain floats, multicols environment is unacceptable to me, because dealing with the balancing of columns is much easier than dealing with messed up floats. It takes only several minutes to balance the last page manually by using \addtolength{height}{-x}, where

x=((height of the residual vertical white space in the last column)/2).

Note that \addtolength needs to be entered just before the last page, so that only both the columns of the last page are redefined as having a different height.

If the balancing gives any micro-problems, you can fine tune it by entering n \vspace{y} commands between items or paragraphs in either of the left or right column, where n is the number of items in the selected column and

y=((height of the vertical micro-adjustment)/n).

Finally, if you need to balance columns on some other page, where multicolumn didn't work properly, you can do it by using \vbox{text you don't want to break} on the shorter column or using \newpage and \hspace{} on the longer column.

Answer 5

A solution for RevTeX 4.1

I had the same problem with a RevTex paper, and the solutions proposed in the other answers failed to work, probably because RevTeX has its own way to manage columns.

Adding \onecolumngrid at the end of the the paper (after the bibliography in my case) balances the columns.

Answer 6

At the moment, I would recommend the pbalance package. Merely using \usepackage{pbalance} will balance the final page. Its package description explains how it's an improvement over the balance package:

This package balances the columns on the last page of a two-column document. If the page is “simple” (no footnotes, floats, or marginpars), is uses the balance package; otherwise, it uses \enlargethispage to make the left column shorter, balancing the columns.

All solutions I know of for balancing pages are hacks. Even with pbalance, which at least tries not to break anything, it can be a hassle. I've had an instance where rebuilding my document after some changes made the final page unbalanced again, and I had to clean and rebuild to fixpoint to get it to balance.

Protip: if you're using a LaTeX class from a conference, there's a chance it has an option for balancing the final page. For example, the acmart class has a pbalance option.

Answer 7

The other answers have worked for me most of the time. But I ran into a combination of a two-column document using acmart and BibLaTeX where none of them did. I finally managed by adjusting the margin of the last column manually. That can be done with several approaches as well, but the one that finally did the trick was using enlargethispage of the fancyhdr package in combination with afterpage from the package with the same name. What I did was the following:

1. Add the following close to the end of the document (just before printbibliography in my case):

   \afterpage{\enlargethispage{-5cm}}
   

   You see that some column now breaks earlier.
2. Add an additional \afterpage{} around this code for every column before the one you actually want to shorten. For example, I had two entire pages of bibliography plus half a column on the third page, i.e., I wanted to shorten the fifth column, so I ended up adding:

   \afterpage{\afterpage{\afterpage{\afterpage{\afterpage{\enlargethispage{-5cm}}}}}}
   

3. Manually tweak the value (-5cm) until the columns of the last page are balanced.