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I am using elsarticle-harv.bst as my bst file which can be reached here. When I include a reference with a DOI entry in the bib file, it shows adjacent to the page information as shown below. How can I have a gap between the page and DOI information?

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Below I am sharing a MWE.

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{natbib}
\newcounter{bibcount}
\begin{document}
\cite{cite}
\bibliographystyle{elsarticle-harv}
\bibliography{mybibfile}

\end{document}
@article{cite,
  title={Title information},
  author={Smith, Joe and Kurtz, Marry},
  journal={{IEEE Journal}},
  year={2021},
  pages= {1--5},
  publisher={IEEE},
  doi= {10.2456/TR.2021.54782}
}

If I update the page information in the bib item as pages= {1--5. $ $}, it does solve my issue, but clearly, it is not an efficient solution.

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    The code of elsarticle-harv has a few peculiarities that essentially mean that the style expects @article entries to have a volume field. If an @article entry misses the volume, the code used in the .bst file causes some weird side effects like this one. If at all possible try to give a volume field (or change the style). If you must use elsarticle-harv and cannot give a volume field, you can try fixing the .bbl file manually for a one-off. ...
    – moewe
    May 14, 2021 at 21:43
  • ... I looked into changing the .bst file to allow for @articles without volume, but the code is quite complex and I don't quite understand why certain things are defined the way they are, so I cannot be sure that my attempts to fix this issue do not have bad side effects.
    – moewe
    May 14, 2021 at 21:44
  • I am trying to cite papers published in IEEE. For some reason, no volume information is provided for certain papers. That's why I am using the DOI info.
    – ball_jan
    May 14, 2021 at 22:53
  • DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is a "URL" to the official digital version (if it exists) of the document. It is not a replacement for the volume. Many papers you get handed e.g. by the author, or just get a paper copy, just don't show full information (volume, number, pages, month, year). Solution is to just dig into the archives of the journal and grab the missing data from there.
    – vonbrand
    May 15, 2021 at 1:26
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    ... As I said, you could try and fix the .bst file, but it is quite complex and at least to me some bits of the code are unclear, so changes are a bit dangerous. You are presumably using elsarticle-harv because you want to publish with Elsevier, so you should probably contact them about this: Let them know that you need to cite a paper without volume and that their style does not handle it properly.
    – moewe
    May 15, 2021 at 6:57

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