How can I resize a table and put them side by side?

Question

I want to put 3 tables side by side but they are to big for me to use \quad, and I don't know how to resize it so it cant fit. Tried \quad, and trying to make the font smaller with \small before \begin{tabular}, but can't use \small without \begin{table} and couldn't use \quad with \begin{table}.

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\captionsetup[table]{skip=10pt}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper, margin=2.5cm}
\usepackage{indentfirst}

\begin{document}
\section{Work}

\begin{table}[H]
\caption{Dados Experimentais do Capacitor 10nF}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$f(Hz)$ & $\omega (rad/s)$ & $V_R(V)$ & $V_C(V)$\\
\hline
100 & 628,3 & 0,043 & 7,86\\
150 & 942,5 & 0,064 & 7,85\\
200 & 1.256,6 & 0,086 & 7,84\\
300 & 1.885,0 & 0,130 & 7,82\\
400 & 2.513,3 & 0,172 & 7,80\\
500 & 3.141,6 & 0,216 & 7,89\\
1.000 & 6.283,2 & 0,427 & 7,87\\
2.000 & 12.566,4 & 0,818 & 7,79\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[H]
\begin{center}
\caption{Dados Experimentais do Capacitor 47nF}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$f(Hz)$ & $\omega (rad/s)$ & $V_R(V)$ & $V_C(V)$\\
\hline

100 & 628,3 & 0,215 & 7,85\\
150 & 942,5 & 0,323 & 7,84\\
200 & 1.256,6 & 0,429 & 7,83\\
300 & 1.885,0 & 0,641 & 7,79\\
400 & 2.513,3 & 0,849 & 7,74\\
500 & 3.141,6 & 1,053 & 7,69\\
1.000 & 6.283,2 & 2,027 & 7,57\\
2.000 & 12.566,4 & 3,513 & 6,79\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[H]
\begin{center}
\caption{Dados Experimentais do Capacitor 220nF}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$f(Hz)$ & $\omega (rad/s)$ & $V_R(V)$ & $V_C(V)$\\
\hline

100 & 628,3 & 1,119& 7,77\\
150 & 942,5 & 1,652 & 7,66\\
200 & 1.256,6 & 2,161 & 7,51\\
300 & 1.885,0 & 3,070 & 7,15\\
400 & 2.513,3 & 3,825 & 6,71\\
500 & 3.141,6 & 4,480 & 6,34\\
1.000 & 6.283,2 & 6,210 & 4,40\\
2.000 & 12.566,4 & 7,090 & 2,42\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 1

A simple solution, if you are allowed (it seems to be part of some lab report, there might be restrictions), is to join columns of your tables, since all of them share frequency f and angular speed \omega.

As you are writing in Brazilian Portuguese, I advice to use \usepackage[brazil]{babel}. Congrats for using utf8 and also indentfirst. I also added \captionsetup{textformat=period}, so you may add a period at the end of the captions of tables and figures without actually having to type them, if you don't need it, just remove it.

About decimals separators, I always suggest to my students a quick read in the page Decimal separator in Wikipedia. It is simple, but give us an overview why it is such a complicated theme. There are many standards around the world and things like using or not using period/comma/whatever are always dependent of some previous definition, some standard. To deal with this issue, we have the package siunitx. It enables a whole set of modifications with numbers and units. Give this package a try.

In this sense, I configurated sisetup in order to using commas and periods as you are using in your table and I created a replica of the first table using a \newcolumtype based on siunitx. You might also take a look at Tip on how to make a visually good table.

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[brazil]{babel}

\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup{textformat=period}
\captionsetup[table]{skip=10pt}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper, margin=2.5cm}
\usepackage{indentfirst}

\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{output-decimal-marker = {,},
  group-separator = {.},
  group-minimum-digits = 3}
\newcolumntype{N}[1]{S[table-format=#1]}

\begin{document}
\section{Trabalho}

\begin{table}[H]
  \centering
  \caption{Dados Experimentais dos Capacitores}
  \begin{tabular}{|r|r| c|c| c|c| c|c|}
    \hline
    \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{}     & \multicolumn{2}{c}{10nF} & \multicolumn{2}{|c}{47nF} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{220nF} \\
    \hline
    $f(Hz)$ & $\omega (rad/s)$ & $V_R(V)$ &   $V_C(V)$    & $V_R(V)$ &    $V_C(V)$    & $V_R(V)$ &     $V_C(V)$     \\
    \hline
        100 &            628,3 & 0,043    &     7,86      & 0,215    &      7,85      & 1,119    &       7,77       \\
        150 &            942,5 & 0,064    &     7,85      & 0,323    &      7,84      & 1,652    &       7,66       \\
        200 &          1 256,6 & 0,086    &     7,84      & 0,429    &      7,83      & 2,161    &       7,51       \\
        300 &          1 885,0 & 0,130    &     7,82      & 0,641    &      7,79      & 3,070    &       7,15       \\
        400 &          2 513,3 & 0,172    &     7,80      & 0,849    &      7,74      & 3,825    &       6,71       \\
        500 &          3 141,6 & 0,216    &     7,89      & 1,053    &      7,69      & 4,480    &       6,34       \\
      1 000 &          6 283,2 & 0,427    &     7,87      & 2,027    &      7,57      & 6,210    &       4,40       \\
      2 000 &         12 566,4 & 0,818    &     7,79      & 3,513    &      6,79      & 7,090    &       2,42       \\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[H]
  \centering
  \caption{Dados Experimentais dos Capacitores}
  \begin{tabular}{|N{4}|N{4}| N{1.3}|N{1.2}| N{1.3}|N{1.2}| N{1.3}|N{1.2}|}
    \hline
    \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{}         & \multicolumn{2}{c}{10nF} & \multicolumn{2}{|c}{47nF} & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{220nF} \\
    \hline
    {$f(Hz)$} & {$\omega (rad/s)$} & {$V_R(V)$} & {$V_C(V)$}  & {$V_R(V)$} & {$V_C(V)$}   & {$V_R(V)$} & {$V_C(V)$}     \\
    \hline
    100       & 628,3              & 0,043      & 7,86        & 0,215      & 7,85         & 1,119      & 7,77           \\
    150       & 942,5              & 0,064      & 7,85        & 0,323      & 7,84         & 1,652      & 7,66           \\
    200       & 1 256,6            & 0,086      & 7,84        & 0,429      & 7,83         & 2,161      & 7,51           \\
    300       & 1 885,0            & 0,130      & 7,82        & 0,641      & 7,79         & 3,070      & 7,15           \\
    400       & 2 513,3            & 0,172      & 7,80        & 0,849      & 7,74         & 3,825      & 6,71           \\
    500       & 3 141,6            & 0,216      & 7,89        & 1,053      & 7,69         & 4,480      & 6,34           \\
    1 000     & 6 283,2            & 0,427      & 7,87        & 2,027      & 7,57         & 6,210      & 4,40           \\
    2 000     & 12 566,4           & 0,818      & 7,79        & 3,513      & 6,79         & 7,090      & 2,42           \\
    \hline
  \end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

First table with basic parameters.

Second table with siunitx using \newcolumntype{N}[1]{S[table-format=#1]}, to short a little bit the syntax and to enable some local configurations.

Answer 2

As one table with three groups separated by double vertical lines, for table is used tabularray package and columns are S type (defined in the siunitx package):

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper, margin=2.5cm}

\usepackage[skip=1ex]{caption}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs, siunitx}

\begin{document}
\section{Work}
    \begin{table}[ht] % <---
\sisetup{
    output-decimal-marker={,},
    group-separator={.},
    group-minimum-digits=4
         }
    \centering        % <---  
    \caption{Dados Experimentais do Capacitor \qty{10}{nF}, \qty{47}{nF} and \qty{220}{nF}}
\begin{tblr}{vline{1,2}={2-Z}{solid},
             vline{3,5,7,9} = {1}{-}{},
             vline{3,5,7,9} = {2}{-}{},
             vline{4,6,8} = {solid},
             colspec = {S[table-format=4.0]
                        S[table-format=5.1]
                        *{6}{S[table-format=1.3]}
                        },
             row{2} = {mode=math},
             }
    \cmidrule[1pt]{3-9}
        &           & \SetCell[c=2]{c} {{{\qty{10}{\nano\farad}}}}
                            &       & \SetCell[c=2]{c} {{{\qty{47}{\nano\farad}}}}
                                            &       & \SetCell[c=2]{c} {{{\qty{220}{\nano\farad}}}}
                                                            &               \\
    \midrule[1pt]
{{{f\; (\unit{Hz})}}}
        & {{{\omega\; (\unit{rad/s})}}}
                    & {{{V_R(V)}}}
                            & {{{V_C(V)}}}
                                    & {{{V_R(V)}}}
                                            & {{{V_C(V)}}}
                                                    & {{{V_R(V)}}}
                                                            & {{{V_C(V)}}}  \\
    \midrule
  100   &    628,3  & 0,043 & 7,86  & 0,215 & 7,85  & 1,119 & 7,77          \\
  150   &    942,5  & 0,064 & 7,85  & 0,323 & 7,84  & 1,652 & 7,66          \\
  200   &  1 256,6  & 0,086 & 7,84  & 0,429 & 7,83  & 2,161 & 7,51          \\
  300   &  1 885,0  & 0,130 & 7,82  & 0,641 & 7,79  & 3,070 & 7,15          \\
  400   &  2 513,3  & 0,172 & 7,80  & 0,849 & 7,74  & 3,825 & 6,71          \\
  500   &  3 141,6  & 0,216 & 7,89  & 1,053 & 7,69  & 4,480 & 6,34          \\
1 000   &  6 283,2  & 0,427 & 7,87  & 2,027 & 7,57  & 6,210 & 4,40          \\
2 000   & 12 566,4  & 0,818 & 7,79  & 3,513 & 6,79  & 7,090 & 2,42          \\
    \bottomrule
\end{tblr}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 3

If you really want to put three tables side by side you can use this:

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{hyperref}
\captionsetup[table]{skip=10pt}
\usepackage{geometry}
\geometry{a4paper, margin=2.5cm}
\usepackage{indentfirst}

% added packages:
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{subcaption}

\begin{document}
\section{Work}

% changed:
\begin{table}[H]
    \centering
    \caption{Dados Experimentais do Capacitor}
    \begin{subtable}{.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \adjustbox{width=\textwidth}{
            \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
                \hline
                $f(Hz)$ & $\omega (rad/s)$ & $V_R(V)$ & $V_C(V)$\\
                \hline
                100 & 628,3 & 0,043 & 7,86\\
                150 & 942,5 & 0,064 & 7,85\\
                200 & 1.256,6 & 0,086 & 7,84\\
                300 & 1.885,0 & 0,130 & 7,82\\
                400 & 2.513,3 & 0,172 & 7,80\\
                500 & 3.141,6 & 0,216 & 7,89\\
                1.000 & 6.283,2 & 0,427 & 7,87\\
                2.000 & 12.566,4 & 0,818 & 7,79\\
                \hline
            \end{tabular}
        }
        \caption{10nF}
        \label{table1}
    \end{subtable}
    \begin{subtable}{.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \adjustbox{width=\textwidth}{
            \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
                \hline
                $f(Hz)$ & $\omega (rad/s)$ & $V_R(V)$ & $V_C(V)$\\
                \hline
                100 & 628,3 & 0,215 & 7,85\\
                150 & 942,5 & 0,323 & 7,84\\
                200 & 1.256,6 & 0,429 & 7,83\\
                300 & 1.885,0 & 0,641 & 7,79\\
                400 & 2.513,3 & 0,849 & 7,74\\
                500 & 3.141,6 & 1,053 & 7,69\\
                1.000 & 6.283,2 & 2,027 & 7,57\\
                2.000 & 12.566,4 & 3,513 & 6,79\\
                \hline
            \end{tabular}
        }
        \caption{47nF}
        \label{table2}
    \end{subtable}
    \begin{subtable}{.3\textwidth}
        \centering
        \adjustbox{width=\textwidth}{
            \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
                \hline
                $f(Hz)$ & $\omega (rad/s)$ & $V_R(V)$ & $V_C(V)$\\
                \hline
                100 & 628,3 & 1,119& 7,77\\
                150 & 942,5 & 1,652 & 7,66\\
                200 & 1.256,6 & 2,161 & 7,51\\
                300 & 1.885,0 & 3,070 & 7,15\\
                400 & 2.513,3 & 3,825 & 6,71\\
                500 & 3.141,6 & 4,480 & 6,34\\
                1.000 & 6.283,2 & 6,210 & 4,40\\
                2.000 & 12.566,4 & 7,090 & 2,42\\
                \hline
            \end{tabular}
        }
        \caption{220nF}
        \label{table3}
    \end{subtable}
\end{table}
\end{document}