Please always post complete documents it makes answering the question easier.
It's not clear if it is just an artifact of the cut down example but description
with empty labels doesn't really work as there is nothing to describe.
To just get a centered column left aligned on the longest line, the simplest is to use a tabular
environment. If you do really need the layout of a display list such as description, then one way is to use the varwidth
package as also shown.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{varwidth}
\begin{document}
\noindent X\dotfill X
\noindent X\dotfill X
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{l}
lorem\\
ipsum\\
lorem\\
ipsum
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\noindent X\dotfill X
\begin{center}
\begin{varwidth}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[abc] lorem
\item[xyz] ipsum
\item[abc] lorem
\item[123] ipsum
\end{description}
\end{varwidth}
\end{center}
\noindent X\dotfill X
\end{document}