Fortunately, information about math style is available in the underlying genfrac
configuration, which can be used to enclose the dfrac
contents in an element with displaystyle="true"
attribute:
\Preamble{xhtml}
\catcode`\:=11
\pend:def\dfrac{\Configure{genfrac}{\HCode{<mstyle \mathchoice{displaystyle="true"}{}{}{}>}}{}{}{}{}{\HCode{</mstyle>}}}
\pend:def\tfrac{\Configure{genfrac}{\HCode{<mstyle \mathchoice{displaystyle="false"}{}{}{}>}}{}{}{}{}{\HCode{</mstyle>}}}
\pend:def\dbinom{\Configure{genfrac}{\HCode{<mstyle \mathchoice{displaystyle="true"}{}{}{}>}}{}{}{}{}{\HCode{</mstyle>}}}
\pend:def\tbinom{\Configure{genfrac}{\HCode{<mstyle \mathchoice{displaystyle="false"}{}{}{}>}}{}{}{}{}{\HCode{</mstyle>}}}
\catcode`\:=12
%\Configure{$}{\Configure{@math}{display="inline"}\DviMath\@mathstyle{0}}{\EndDviMath}{}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\EndPreamble
In this configuration, we add the <mrow>
element, and using the \mathchoice
command, we can add the displaystyle
attribute. This is the result:

If you want to use displaystyle for all inline math delimited by $ $
, use this configuration:
\Preamble{xhtml}
\Configure{$}{\Configure{@math}{display="inline" displaystyle="true"}\DviMath}{\EndDviMath}{}
\begin{document}
\EndPreamble

The downside is that it can be too large when used in text.