I wouldn't use tools like \resizebox
or similar to scale the diagram. This will change the line width and size of the dot and will make your thesis look like a ransom letter.
Instead you could nudge the coordinates a bit to move in the right direction:
% !TeX TS-program = lualatex
\documentclass{article}
% lualatex
\usepackage{tikz-feynman}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to b] {
a --[fermion] b [dot] -- [blue, gluon] c,
b -- [fermion] d
};
\qquad
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to b] {
a --[blue, gluon] b [dot] -- [ghost] c,
b -- [ghost] d
};
\qquad
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to b] {
a --[blue, gluon] b [dot] -- [blue, gluon] c,
b -- [blue, gluon] d
};
\qquad
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to d] {
a[shift={(0.1cm,-0.1cm)}] --[blue, gluon] b [dot] -- [blue, gluon] c[shift={(-0.2cm,0.2cm)}],
b -- [blue, gluon] d[shift={(-0.2cm,-0.1cm)}],
b -- [blue, gluon] e[shift={(0.1cm,0.2cm)}],
};
\end{figure}
\end{document}

Alternatively use the tikz scale option, which will leave the line width, dot size etc. intact:
% !TeX TS-program = lualatex
\documentclass{article}
% lualatex
\usepackage{tikz-feynman}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[h!]
\centering
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to b] {
a --[fermion] b [dot] -- [blue, gluon] c,
b -- [fermion] d
};
\qquad
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to b] {
a --[blue, gluon] b [dot] -- [ghost] c,
b -- [ghost] d
};
\qquad
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to b] {
a --[blue, gluon] b [dot] -- [blue, gluon] c,
b -- [blue, gluon] d
};
\qquad
\feynmandiagram [inline=(b), horizontal=a to d,scale=0.95] {
a --[blue, gluon] b [dot] -- [blue, gluon] c,
b -- [blue, gluon] d,
b -- [blue, gluon] e,
};
\end{figure}
\end{document}
