Create a complex table with \multicolumn

Question

I ask for your help. I need to make a complex table (for my noobie level at LaTeX) for my master's thesis.

• That's the table I would like to do:

I tried some codes, but I always get a fatal error, like that one below:

\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|}
& \multicolumn{3}{c}{Entreprises}\\
\hline
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Baidu}   &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{Huawei}   &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{Tencent} \\ \hline
Années   &   \multicolumn{2}{c}{Croissance des revenus bruts (USD | RMB)} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Croissance des profits nets (USD | RMB)}   &   Croissance des revenus bruts (RMB) & Croissance des profits nets (RMB)   &   Croissance des revenus bruts (RMB) & Croissance des profits nets (RMB) \\ \hline \hline
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{2}
2007-2008   &   96,03\% & 83,34\%   &   78,17 \% & 66,64\%   &   33,50\% & 132,72\%   &   83,25\% & 79,57\%\\
\end{tabular}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1}
\caption{Croissance des revenus et profits des BATX chinoises.}
\captionsetup{font={footnotesize, bf}}
  \caption*{Source : CNNIC, Rapports statistiques. Réalisé par l'auteur.}
\label{table:2}
\end{table}

Could you please guys tried to help me? I would very appreciate it! :)

Guillaume.

EDIT 1bis.

Thank your for your help! However, I have a problem with your tables because of the complete datas, the table goes out of page.

There is the code I have for the first table:

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{book}
\usepackage[left=30mm,top=30mm,right=30mm,bottom=30mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{bookmark, tabularx, varwidth, nicematrix, array, tabularray, ragged2e}

\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\newcolumntype{D}{>{\hsize=\dimexpr2\hsize+2\tabcolsep+\arrayrulewidth\relax}C}
\newcolumntype{H}{>{\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup}c<{\egroup}@{}}
\newcolumntype{Z}{>{\setbox0=\hbox\bgroup}c<{\egroup}@{\hspace*{-\tabcolsep}}}
\newcommand{\mcA}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{c|}{#2}} % just to save some keystrokes
\newcommand{\mcB}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{c}{#2}} % just to save some keystrokes
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\RaggedRight}X}
    \begin{table}[htbp]
        \centering
        \begin{tabular}{|l|*{8}{c|}}
            \hline
                            & \mcA{8}{\textbf{Croissances des entreprises}}                                                  \\ \cline{2-9}
                            & \mcA{4}{\textbf{Baidu}} & \mcA{2}{\textbf{Huawei}} & \mcA{2}{\textbf{Tencent}} \\ \hline
            \textbf{Années} & \mcA{2}{Revenus bruts (RMB | USD)} & \mcA{2}{Profits (RMB | USD)} & Revenus bruts (RMB) & Profits (RMB)                    & Revenus bruts (RMB) & Profits (RMB)                     \\ \hline
            \textbf{2007-2008}   & 83,34\% & 96,03\%    & 66,64\% & 78,17\%    & 33,50\% & 132,74\%                    & 83,25\% & 79,57\%                     \\ \hline
        \end{tabular}
        \caption{Croissance des revenus et profits des BATX chinoises.
        \centering
        \newline\footnotesize\textbf{Source: Rapports annuels des entreprises concernées. Réalisé par l'auteur.}}
        \label{tab:2}
    \end{table}

\end{document}

Edit 2.

Thank you Zarko! Your table is perfect. I'm sorry about my bad MWE. I'm new at LaTeX and my file is very complex to understand with all packages, also. So I wouldn't to share with you all the mess.

I would have just one question about your table: is it possible to retire italic to the remark{Source}?

Answer 1

Here is a way to construct that tabular with {NiceTabular} of nicematrix.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{nicematrix}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\centering
\caption{Croissance des revenus et profits des BATX chinoises}
\begin{NiceTabular}
  [ 
    cell-space-limits = 3pt , 
    tabularnote = { \footnotesize Source: CNNIC, Rapports statistiques. Réalisé par l'auteur. } ,
    hvlines,
    corners,
  ]
  {>{\bfseries}l*{8}{w{c}{5mm}}}
\RowStyle[nb-rows=2]{\bfseries}
       & \Block{1-8}{Entreprises} \\ 
       & \Block{1-4}{Baidu} &&&& \Block{1-2}{Huawei} && \Block{1-2}{Tencent} \\ 
Années & \Block{1-2}{A} && \Block{1-2}{B} && A & B & A & B \\ 
2007   & 1a & 1b    & 2a & 2b    & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 
\end{NiceTabular}
\label{tab:1}
\end{table}

\end{document}

You need several compilations (because nicematrix uses PGF/Tikz nodes under the hood).

However, I strongly recommend a design with booktabs in the spirit of booktabs (see Οὖτις's answer).

Answer 2

Welcome to TeX.SE! Let me show you two possible solutions. One of them is closer to your handmade sketch, the other one I consider more professional as it adds some space at horizontal rules and avoids vertical lines, where the latter is one of the two main rules mentioned in the booktabs documentation:

1. Never, ever use vertical rules.
2. Never use double rules

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\newcommand{\mcA}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{c|}{#2}} % just to save some keystrokes
\newcommand{\mcB}[2]{\multicolumn{#1}{c}{#2}} % just to save some keystrokes

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htbp]
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{|l|*{8}{c|}}
        \hline
                        & \mcA{8}{\textbf{Entreprises}}                                                  \\ \cline{2-9}
                        & \mcA{4}{\textbf{Baidu}} & \mcA{2}{\textbf{Huawei}} & \mcA{2}{\textbf{Tencent}} \\ \hline
        \textbf{Années} & \mcA{2}{A} & \mcA{2}{B} & A & B                    & A & B                     \\ \hline
        \textbf{2007}   & 1a & 1b    & 2a & 2b    & 3 & 4                    & 5 & 6                     \\ \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Croissance des revenus et profits des BATX chinoises. \footnotesize\textbf{Source: CNNIC, Rapports statistiques. Réalisé par l'auteur.}}
    \label{tab:1}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htbp]
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{l*{8}{c}}
        \toprule
                        & \mcB{8}{\textbf{Entreprises}}                                                   \\ \cmidrule(lr){2-9}
                        & \mcB{4}{\textbf{Baidu}}  & \mcB{2}{\textbf{Huawei}} & \mcB{2}{\textbf{Tencent}} \\ \cmidrule(lr){2-5} \cmidrule(lr){6-7} \cmidrule(lr){8-9}
        \textbf{Années} & \mcB{2}{A} & \mcB{2}{B}  & A & B                    & A & B                     \\
        \textbf{2007}   & 1a & 1b    & 2a & 2b     & 3 & 4                    & 5 & 6                     \\ \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
    \caption{Croissance des revenus et profits des BATX chinoises. \footnotesize\textbf{Source: CNNIC, Rapports statistiques. Réalisé par l'auteur.}}
    \label{tab:2}
\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 3

• You not provide MWE (Minimal Working Example), so haven't any information about used document class nor about page layout in your document.
• Table is quite wide, so some text should be broken in several lines (ap to three)
• It is not clear, how many rows with data has your table nor what are data. So far are assumed, that possible othe rows has similar data
• By guessing about missed information, your table can be:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}

\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{siunitx}
\NewTableCommand\mc[1]{\SetCell[c=#1]{c}}

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[htbp]
    \centering
    \small
\begin{talltblr}[
caption = {Croissance des revenus et profits des BATX chinoises.},
  label = {tab:2},
remark{Source} = {Rapports annuels des entreprises concernées. Réalisé par l'auteur.}
                ]{hline{1,2} = {2-Z}{solid},    hline{3-Z} = {1-Z}{solid},
                  vline{1}   = {3-Z}{solid},    vline{2-Z} = {1-Z}{solid},
                  colspec = { Q[font=\bfseries] 
                             *{8}{X[c,m, font=\linespread{0.84}\selectfont,
                                    si = {table-format=3.2{\,\%}}]} },
                  colsep=2pt,
                  row{1,2} = {font=\bfseries},      % <---
                  row{1-3} = {guard},               % <---
                  cell{4-Z}{2-Z} = {appto={\,\%}}
                 }
    & \mc{8}    Croissances des entreprises 
        &   &   &   &   &   &   &                   \\      
    & \mc{4}  Baidu
        &   &   &   & \mc{2}    Huawei
                        &   & \mc{2}    Tencent         
                                &                   \\                    
 Années
    & \mc{2} {Revenus bruts\\ (RMB | USD)} 
        &   & \mc{2}   {Profits\\ (RMB | USD)} 
                &   & Revenus bruts (RMB) 
                        & Profits (RMB)
                            & Revenus bruts (RMB)
                                & Profits (RMB)     \\
2007-2008
    & 83,34
        & 96,03
            & 66,64
                & 78,17
                    & 33,50
                        & 132,74
                            & 83,25
                                & 79,57           \\
\end{talltblr}
    \end{table}
\end{document}

• Showed table width is equal to text block width.
• For table is used talltblr of tabularray packages. It enable to add notes and remarks below table
• In the case when table has several rows with numeric data you may consider, that number formatting in cels consider align at decimal points. This can be achieved by use si options, which mimic S column type of siunitx package.- Added last two rows are dummed. They just show numbers formatting in those rows.

Edit:
in the case, that you prefer to have table note (remark) in up shape and boldface (at all table), than insert to document preamble the following code lines:

\SetTblrStyle{remark-tag}{font=\bfseries\upshape}
\SetTblrStyle{remark-text}{font=\small\bfseries}

From edited question follows, that you also changed table design. That my suggestion to complain to this change, you need to change table preamble to:

                ]{hline{1,2} = {2-Z}{solid},    hline{3-Z} = {1-Z}{solid},
                  vline{1}   = {3-Z}{solid},    vline{2-Z} = {1-Z}{solid},
                  colspec = { Q[font=\bfseries]
                             *{8}{X[c,m, font=\linespread{0.84}\selectfont,
                                    si = {table-format=3.2}]} },  % <---
                  colsep=4pt,
                  row{1,2}= {font=\bfseries},
                  row{1-3} = {guard},               
                 }

and accordingly change test in the first row in table body. Result is: