Tikz: scale (and rotate) shape and text independently

Question

Is it possible to set independently a shape scale and a label scale, individually per node, without setting the shape's minimum size or setting sizes globally? For some shapes, there is a similar dependency with rotation, because shape border rotate does not work for them.

There seems to be some auto-fit enabled all the time, because even using labels like `{\tiny label-text}' affects the shape's scale.

For example, I would like to use logic gate symbols with size differences exactly as in the library, e.g. the NAND gate being larger than the NOT gate. I do not want any of these symbols to follow the number of characters in its label or the label's font size. Also, different symbold may need a different minimum size, so I would need to tune that to each symbol individually and the rotation problem would still be unresolved.

On the opposite, if I want to make one of two circle symbols larger, I would still want them both have labels of the same font size.

Source which shows the dependency between scale and label size:

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, shapes, shapes.gates.logic.US, shadows, arrows}
\usepackage{anyfontsize}

\begin{document}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    every node/.style={line width=2mm, draw}
    ]
    \node (input1) [circle, thick, font=\fontsize{10}{0}\selectfont] at (0,0) {x};
    \node (input2) [circle, thick, font=\fontsize{10}{0}\selectfont, below=5mm of input1] {\Large xyz};
    \node (input3) [circle, font=\fontsize{20}{0}\selectfont, below=5mm of input2] {x};
    \node (input4) [not gate US, thick, scale=1.5, below=5mm of input3] {scale 2};
    \node (input5) [not gate US, thick, scale=3, below=8mm of input4] {scale 3};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

gives what is in the left column. An approximate desired output is in the right column:

Answer 1

Most node shape definitions, certainly the ones provides PGF/TikZ, use the values of /pgf/inner xsep and /pgf/inner ysep as padding between the text and the node's own path in some form.^†

For the rectangle shape the inner xsep is added to the left and right, the inner ysep is added above and below the text.

By default, both values are 0.3333em, i.e. a fontsize dependent length. However, neither the font of the font key nor any fontsizes you use inside of the node text is active when the values are evaluated.

For this, the node font key can be used as in the code below or the font size change needs to be done before the node – either inside the path or before the path, though the latter will be still active after the path and both will affect any distances in the units ex or em, of course.

---

^† Notable exception is the coordinate shape (yes, that's also a node) but it does neither have a text part nor a path.

Code

\documentclass[tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{anyfontsize}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[nodes={line width=2mm, draw, thick}]
\node (input1)                                         {x};
\node (input2) [node font=\Large,     below=of input1] {x};
\node (input3) [node font=\fontsize{180}{0}\selectfont,
                                      below=of input2] {x};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[nodes={line width=2mm, draw, thick}]
                             \node (input1)                   {x};
\Large                       \node (input2) [below=of input1] {x};
\fontsize{180}{0}\selectfont \node (input3) [below=of input2] {x};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{tikzpicture}[nodes={line width=2mm, draw, thick}]
                       \node (input1)                   {x};
\path \pgfextra{\Large} node (input2) [below=of input1] {x};
\path[/utils/exec=\fontsize{180}{0}\selectfont]
                        node (input3) [below=of input2] {x};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Output