Drawing a maths protractor

Question

How can I reproduce this image with TikZ.

Here's what I've tried.

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{pict2e}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{fadings}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz,tkz-tab}

\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{beton, euler}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1] 
 %simple flèche 
\tikzstyle simple=[postaction={decorate,decoration={markings, mark=at position .5 with {\arrow[scale=1,>=stealth]{>}}}}]  

%simple flèches inverse 
\tikzstyle simpleinv=[postaction={decorate,decoration={markings, mark=at position .5 with {\arrow[scale=1,>=stealth]{<}}}}] 


\def \rayon{2};
\def \i{40};
\def \r{25.4}; 

\draw (0,0) circle (\rayon); 
\foreach \y in {10,20,...,360} \draw({\rayon*cos(\y)},{\rayon*sin(\y)})--++(\y:-0.2); 
\foreach \y in {0,90,...,270} \draw[thick]({\rayon*cos(\y)},{\rayon*sin(\y)})--++(\y:-0.3); 
\draw[dotted](0,\rayon)--++(0,-2*\rayon); 
\draw[dotted](-\rayon,0)--++(2*\rayon,0); 
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 1

I strongly recommend the use of polar coordinates (θ:r).

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}

\newcommand{\rayon}{2}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.style={scale=.4}]
\draw[thick] (0:\rayon) arc(0:180:\rayon);
\draw (0:\rayon-.1) arc(0:180:\rayon-.1);
\foreach \t in {0,...,180}{\draw[very thin](\t:\rayon)--(\t:\rayon-.1);}
\foreach \t in {0,5,...,180}{\draw(\t:\rayon)--(\t:\rayon-.2);}
\foreach \t in {0,10,...,180}{\draw(\t:\rayon)--(\t:\rayon-.3)node[pos=1.2, rotate=\t-90]{\t};}
\foreach \t[count=\n from 0] in {0,30,...,180}{\fill(\t:\rayon-.5)circle[radius=.4pt]--++(180+\t:.2)node{$M_\n$};}
\draw(180:\rayon-.9)--(0:\rayon-.9)(90:\rayon-.9)--(0,0)node[below]{0}node[above right]{$(\Delta)$}node{$\times$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer 2

Here's one I also happened to have lying around, that might make a suitable starting point.

This one is done in Metapost, wrapped up in luamplib so please compile it with lualatex.

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont{TeX Gyre Heros}
\begin{document}
\mplibtextextlabel{enable}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
    color plastic; plastic = 1/256(215,205,190);

    path lower_base, upper_base, inner_arc, outer_arc;

    upper_base = (left--right) scaled 5.2 cm;
    lower_base = upper_base shifted (0,-1.6cm);
    inner_arc = halfcircle scaled 5.4cm;
    outer_arc = halfcircle scaled 8.8cm;

    % make the plastic body
    fill lower_base -- point 1 of upper_base -- outer_arc -- point 0 of upper_base -- cycle withcolor plastic;
    unfill inner_arc -- cycle;

    % draw the scale along the base
    for t = 0 upto 100:
       x := 50-t;
       draw (origin -- if x mod 10 = 0: 8 elseif x mod 5 = 0: 6 else: 5 fi up) shifted (x*mm, ypart point 0 of lower_base);
       if x mod 10 = 0:
         label.top(decimal (t/10) infont defaultfont scaled 0.7
         rotated 180, (x*mm,ypart point 0 of lower_base + 9)); 
       fi
    endfor

    % and the scale around the arc
    for t = 0 upto 180:
       draw (origin -- if t mod 10=0: 16 elseif t mod 5=0: 12 else: 8 fi left)
            shifted point 0 of outer_arc rotated t;
       if t mod 10=0:
          if t=90:
              label("90" infont defaultfont scaled 1.4, 26 down shifted point 2 of outer_arc);
          else:
              label(decimal       t infont defaultfont scaled 0.7 rotated (t-90), 22 left shifted point 0 of outer_arc rotated t);
              label(decimal (180-t) infont defaultfont scaled 0.7 rotated (t-90), 30 left shifted point 0 of outer_arc rotated t)
              withcolor .78 red;
          fi
       fi
    endfor
    
    % finally mark the middle
    draw origin -- 4 down;
    unfill fullcircle scaled 2;

endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

Answer 3

The package OutilsGeomTikz provides a command to draw a protactor. The package documentation and commands are in french though. I don't think an English translation of the documentation exists, as of now.

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{OutilsGeomTikz}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \tkzRapporteur
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 4

Happen to have this lying around:

\documentclass{article}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\usepackage[landscape]{geometry}
\usepackage{tikz}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=2]
\draw (-4,0) -- (4,0) arc[radius=4,start angle=0,delta angle=180];
\foreach \ang in {1,...,179}
{
  \pgfmathsetmacro\len{mod(\ang,5) == 0 ? .5 : .2}
  \pgfmathsetmacro\lbl{mod(\ang,5) == 0 ? \ang : ""}
  \draw (\ang:4) -- (\ang:4-\len) node[circle,anchor=\ang] {\lbl};
  \draw (\ang:2.5) -- (\ang:2.5+\len);
}
\draw (0,0) -- +(0,.5);
\draw (2.5,0) arc[radius=2.5, start angle=0, delta angle=180];
\draw (-2.45,.5) -- (2.45,.5);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}