Since you’re using Beamer, you aren’t submitting to one of the people who still only accept 8-bit fonts in 2023, and can use modern OpenType forks of your fonts. Specifically, Libertinus Sans is based on Phillip Poll’s Linux Biolinum, and Asana Math is based on Young Ryu’s Pazo Math, but both have a much larger repertoire and work with modern tools.
A MWE:
\documentclass[professionalfonts]{beamer}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase, Ligatures=TeX}
\setmainfont{Libertinus Sans}[Scale=1.04]
\setsansfont{Libertinus Sans}
\setmathfont{Asana Math}
\setmathfont{LibertinusSans-Regular}[range=up]
\setmathfont{LibertinusSans-Bold}[range=bfup]
\setmathfont{LibertinusSans-Italic}[range=it]
% Linux Biolinum and Libertinus Sans have no Bold Italic,
% but you could fake one with FakeBold if needed.
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
I want something that looks like this, with text (which by default is textsf) for the operators.
\begin{equation*}
\sin x = \log x = \lim x
\end{equation*}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

By the Way, Some Alternatives
For a single, consistent font that has the look you’re going for, you might try \setmathfont{KpMath-Sans.otf}
from the kpfonts-otf
package. You can change the operator font in unicode-math
with the command \setoperatorfont\mathsf
:
\documentclass[professionalfonts]{beamer}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase, Ligatures=TeX}
\setmainfont{Libertinus Sans}[Scale=1.0]
\setsansfont{Libertinus Sans}
\setmathfont{KpMath-Sans.otf}
\setoperatorfont\mathsf
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
I want something that looks like this, with text (which by default is textsf) for the operators.
\begin{equation*}
\sin x = \log x = \lim x
\end{equation*}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Or if you really like Pazo Math: It was designed to match Hermann Zapf’s Palatino. Zapf’s fonts Optima and AMS Euler go great with them and each other. (And a monospace font that goes well with that family is the humanist Inconsolata.)
Here’s what Euler’s formula looks like in Euler Math (a fork of AMS Euler) with URW Classico (a clone of Optima available from CTAN) as the text font:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[math-style=upright]{unicode-math}
\defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{URW Classico}[Scale=1.0]
\setsansfont{URW Classico}
\setmathfont{Asana Math}
\setmathfont{Euler Math}[range={up/{Latin,latin,Greek,greek},
bfup/{Latin,latin,Greek,greek},
cal, bfcal, frak, bffrak},
]
\setmathfont{URW Classico}[range={up/num}]
\setmathfont{URW Classico Bold}[range={bfup/num}]
\newcommand\upi{\symup{i}}
\newcommand\upe{\symup{e}}
\begin{document}
\begin{align*}
\upe^{\upi x} &= \cos{x} + \upi \sin{x} \\
\upe^{\upi \uppi} + 1 &= 0
\end{align*}
\end{document}

\SetSymbolFont{operators} {normal}{OT1}{LinuxBiolinumT-TLF} {m}{n} \SetSymbolFont{operators} {bold} {OT1}{LinuxBiolinumT-TLF} {b}{n}
mathpazo
so if you want the same output, you probably need not to usemathpazo
or to override more than just the font used for operators.