How to produce this table: Probability datatable with multirow

Question

I want to produce the the following table:

This is my working(only data for Male)

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{multirow}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{|p{1.5cm}|p{2cm}|p{1.5cm}|p{2.7cm}|}\\ \cline{1-4}
\multirow{2}{*}{Exact age}  &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{male}\\ \cline{2-4} 
                        & Death probability & Number of lives  & Life expectancy\\ \cline{1-4}
0                       & 0.007589      & 100,000       & 73.98\\ \cline{1-4}
1                       & 0.000543      & 99,241            & 73.54 \\ \cline{1-4}
2                       & 0.000376      & 99,187            & 72.58 \\ \cline{1-4}                      
\end{tabular}

And this is what I get:

Your help is greatly appreciated.

Note: I'm not interested in thick lines or footnotes.

Answer 1

If you don't mind using the tabularray package, things are really easy

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{tabularray}

\begin{document}

\begin{tblr}{
  colspec = {Q[c] Q[c] Q[c] l},
  cell{1}{2} = {c=3}{c},
  hline{1,3} = {-}{},
  hline{2} = {2-4}{},
}
  {Exact\\age} & {male} & & \\
  & {Death\\probability} & {Number\\of lives} & {Life\\expectancy} \\
  0 & \num{0.007589} & \num{100000} & \num{73.98} \\
  1 & \num{0.000543} & \num{99241} & \num{73.54} \\
  2 & \num{0.000376} & \num{99187} & \num{72.58} \\
  \hline
\end{tblr}

\end{document}

and with the booktabs options with tabularray

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs}

\begin{document}

\begin{tblr}{
  colspec = {Q[c] Q[c] Q[c] l},
  cell{1}{2} = {c=3}{c},
  hline{2} = {2-4}{},
}
\toprule
  {Exact\\age} & {male} & & \\
  & {Death\\probability} & {Number\\of lives} & {Life\\expectancy} \\
\midrule
  0 & \num{0.007589} & \num{100000} & \num{73.98} \\
  1 & \num{0.000543} & \num{99241} & \num{73.54} \\
  2 & \num{0.000376} & \num{99187} & \num{72.58} \\
\bottomrule
\end{tblr}

\end{document}

Answer 2

As commented, the first \\ causes the extra vertical lines. Also, \cline{1-4} is equivalent to \hline, which better describes how you're using it.

But I would redesign the table a bit. The first thing is to use booktabs and take its advice: vertical lines kill puppies, and horizontal lines are usually unnecessary (more seriously, lines should not be necessary to help interpret the data in a table, and can actually hinder interpretation). We can also use siunitx to have it format the numbers and line things up nicely. (And to keep the line breaks, we'll use \specialcell from https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/19678/107497). I end up with:

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}

\newcommand{\specialcell}[2][c]{%
  \begin{tabular}[#1]{@{}c@{}}#2\end{tabular}}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{
S[table-format=1]
 S[table-format=1.6]
  S[table-format=6]
   S[table-format=2.2]}\toprule
{\multirow{2}{*}{\specialcell{Exact\\age}}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{male}\\ \cmidrule(l){2-4}
    & {\specialcell{Death\\probability}}
    & {\specialcell{Number\\of lives}}
    & {\specialcell{Life\\expectancy}} \\ \midrule
0   & 0.007589      & 100000     & 73.98 \\
1   & 0.000543      & 99241      & 73.54 \\
2   & 0.000376      & 99187      & 72.58 \\\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

\end{document}

which renders as

When you go to include females, you'll want to change the \cmidrule(l) to (lr). And as a bonus, this table is a little more compact (although that is mostly due to new linebreaks in the first and last columns).

Answer 3

One more solution using tabularray package. In it is employed siunitx package for defining column types and tblr-extras for defining caption style using caption package:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabularray}
\usepackage{tblr-extras}    %%%% new, it works with recent version   
\UseTblrLibrary{booktabs,
                caption,
                siunitx}
\usepackage{caption}
\captionsetup[table]{skip=1ex,
                     font = {small, sf},
                     labelfont = bf,
                     justification=centerlast
                    }

\begin{document}
    \begin{table}[ht]
    \centering
\begin{talltblr}[
caption = {This table is about something},
  label = {tblr:something},
 note{} = {DP: Death probability;\quad
           NL: Number of lives;\quad
           LE: Life expectancy}
                ]{colspec = {Q[c, si={table-format=1}]
                             *{2}{Q[c, si={table-format=1.6}] 
                                  Q[c, si={table-format=7}]
                                  Q[c, si={table-format=2.2}]}
                            },
                  cell{1}{1} = {r=2}{},
                  cell{1}{2,5} = {c=3}{},
                  row{1,2}  = {guard}
                  }
    \toprule
{Exact\\age} 
    &   Male    &           &           &   Female  &           &       \\
    \cmidrule[lr]{2-4}
    \cmidrule[lr]{5-7}
    &   DL      & NL        &   LE      &   DL      & NL        &   LE  \\
    \midrule
 0 & 0.007589   & 100000    & 73.98     & 0.007589  & 100000    & 73.98 \\
 1 & 0.000543   &  99241    & 73.54     & 0.000543  &  99241    & 73.54 \\
 2 & 0.000376   &  99187    & 72.58     & 0.000376  &  99187    & 72.58 \\
    \bottomrule
\end{talltblr}
    \end{table}
\end{document}

Answer 4

A suggestion with {NiceTabular} of nicematrix.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{nicematrix,booktabs,siunitx}

\begin{document}

\begin{NiceTabular}{cccc}
\toprule
\Block[t]{2-1}{Exact\\ age} & \Block{1-3}{male} \\
\cmidrule(l){2-4}
& \Block{}{Death\\probability} & \Block{}{Number\\ of lives} & \Block{}{Life\\ expectancy} \\
\midrule
0 & \num{0.007589} & \num{100000} & \num{73.98} \\
1 & \num{0.000543} & \num{99241} & \num{73.54} \\
2 & \num{0.000376} & \num{99187} & \num{72.58} \\
\bottomrule
\end{NiceTabular}

\end{document}

Answer 5

If you really like caged tables:

\documentclass[11pt]{article}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{multirow}

\begin{document}

\begin{tabular}{|p{1.5cm}|p{2cm}|p{1.5cm}|p{2.7cm}|}\\ \cline{1-4}
\multirow{2}{*}{Exact age}  &\multicolumn{3}{c|}{male}\\ \cline{2-4} 
                        & Death probability & Number of lives  & Life expectancy\\ \cline{1-4}
0                       & 0.007589      & 100,000       & 73.98\\ \cline{1-4}
1                       & 0.000543      & 99,241            & 73.54 \\ \cline{1-4}
2                       & 0.000376      & 99,187            & 72.58 \\ \cline{1-4}                      
\end{tabular}

Using a legend, the size of the columns can be kept tight.

An open look is, in my opinion, much better.

\documentclass[11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\usepackage{booktabs}

\sisetup{
  group-digits=integer,
  group-separator={,},
}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htp]
\centering

\begin{tabular}{
 @{}
 c
 S[table-format=1.6]
 S[table-format=6.0]
 S[table-format=2.2]
 S[table-format=1.6]
 S[table-format=6.0]
 S[table-format=2.2]
 @{}
}
\toprule
\smash{\begin{tabular}[t]{@{}c@{}}Exact \\ age\end{tabular}}
& \multicolumn{3}{c}{Male}
& \multicolumn{3}{c@{}}{Female} \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-4} \cmidrule(l){5-7}
& {DP} & {NL} & {LE} & {DP} & {NL} & {LE} \\
\midrule
0 & 0.007589 & 100000 & 73.98 & 0.007589 & 100000 & 73.98 \\
1 & 0.000543 &  99241 & 73.54 & 0.000543 &  99241 & 73.54 \\
2 & 0.000376 &  99187 & 72.58 & 0.000376 &  99187 & 72.58 \\
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
\multicolumn{7}{@{}l@{}}{%
  \footnotesize
  DP: Death probability;\quad
  NL: Number of lives;\quad
  LE: Life expectancy%
}
\end{tabular}

\caption{This table is about something}

\end{table}

\end{document}

Answer 6

From all the answers I got, now I Know how a professional table must be made. That said, I kept asking how did my book make that original one. And I figured out.

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\cline{1-7}
&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{male} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Female}\\ \cline{2-7}
Exact &Death      &Number & Life            &Death      &Number & Life\\ 
age   &probability & of lives  & expectancy & probability & of lives & expectancy   \\ \cline{1-7}
0      & 0.007589 & 100,000 & 73.98      & 0.006234  & 100,000 & 79.35      \\ \cline{1-7}
1     & 0.000543  & 99,241   & 73.54         & 0.000447  & 99,377   & 78.84         \\ \cline{1-7}
2    &  0.000376  & 99,187   & 72.58         & 0.000376  & 99,187   & 72.58          \\ \cline{1-7}
\end{tabular}

to get rid of some horizontal lines, some c lines must be deleted

\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|l|l|}\cline{1-7}
&\multicolumn{3}{|c|}{male} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{Female}\\ \cline{2-7}
Exact &Death      &Number & Life            &Death      &Number & Life\\ 
age   &probability & of lives  & expectancy & probability & of lives & expectancy   \\ \cline{1-7}
0      & 0.007589 & 100,000 & 73.98      & 0.006234  & 100,000 & 79.35      \\ 
1     & 0.000543  & 99,241   & 73.54         & 0.000447  & 99,377   & 78.84         \\ 
2    &  0.000376  & 99,187   & 72.58         & 0.000376  & 99,187   & 72.58          \\ \cline{1-7}
\end{tabular}