How may a Unicode Block font be invoked locally, e.g. by adjusting the following Unicode preamble?

Question

\documentclass{article} \usepackage{amsmath,amsthm} \usepackage{unicode-math}

\DeclareMathAlphabet{\CMcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{m}{n} \SetMathAlphabet{\CMcal}{bold}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n} \DeclareMathAlphabet{\CMbfcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}

\setmainfont{TeX Gyre Pagella} \setmathfont{XITS Math}

\setmathfont[range=\symscr]{Euler-Math.otf} \setmathfont{NewCMMath-Book.otf}[range={cal, bfcal}] \setmathfont{texgyrepagella-math.otf}[range=]

\newcommand{\pot}{\ensuremath \raisebox{1.07pt}{$\male$}} \newcommand{\pow}{\CMcal{P}}

\usepackage{fontawesome} %\usepackage{fontspec} \usepackage{hyperref} \begin{document}

I can write special fonts as $\male$ and $\pow$, combined with arguments, and special mathematical fonts under Unicode, Fontspec and so Lualatex as here. But how may one write letters from, e.g., the Cyrillic alphabet, and, presumably by extension, other Unicode Blocks, while using such a preamble as above?

\end{document}

Answer 1

If you want just a few words in Cyrillic script, choose a font that supports it.

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath,amsthm}
\usepackage{unicode-math}
\usepackage{fontawesome}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\DeclareMathAlphabet{\CMcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{m}{n}
\SetMathAlphabet{\CMcal}{bold}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}
\DeclareMathAlphabet{\CMbfcal}{OMS}{cmsy}{b}{n}

\setmainfont{TeX Gyre Pagella}
\newfontfamily{\cyrfont}{Tempora}[Scale=MatchUppercase]

\setmathfont{XITS Math}
\setmathfont[range=\symscr]{Euler-Math.otf} 
\setmathfont{NewCMMath-Book.otf}[range={cal, bfcal}] 
\setmathfont{XITS Math}[range=]

\makeatletter
\newcommand{\pot}{\mathord{\raisebox{\depth}{$\m@th\male$}}}
\makeatother
\newcommand{\pow}{\CMcal{P}}

\DeclareTextFontCommand{\cyrtext}{\cyrfont}

\begin{document}

I can write special fonts as $\pot$ and $\pow$, combined with 
arguments, and special mathematical fonts under Unicode, Fontspec 
and so Lualatex as here. But how may one write letters from, 
e.g., the Cyrillic alphabet, and, presumably by extension, other 
Unicode Blocks, while using such a preamble as above?

\cyrtext{Фёдор Михайлович Достоевский} (after 1918)

\cyrtext{Ѳедоръ Михайловичъ Достоевскій} (before 1918)

\end{document}

A few notes.

1. Packages should be loaded first
2. A fixed amount of raising is wrong
3. \ensuremath\raisebox only works by accident and \ensuremath is completely useless
4. The purpose of the last math font declaration with range= is to restore the math font parameters to the main math font, which is XITS Math (I'd use STIX Two Math, though).

If you need whole paragraphs in, say, Ukrainian, load babel with the needed languages and look at the package documentation for how to set fonts for the specific languages.

Answer 2

But how may one write letters from, e.g., the Cyrillic alphabet?

Easy: Start using a text font package that provides Cyrillic letters.

For the example at hand, I take it that you wish to employ a Times Roman font. I suggest you replace

\setmainfont{TeX Gyre Pagella}

with

\setmainfont{XITS}