Note: the red lines have the same length.
\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage[showframe,paperwidth=4cm,paperheight=4cm,margin=1cm]{geometry}
\begin{document}
%
\vspace*{\fill}%
\fbox{test}%
\vspace*{\fill}%
%
\end{document}
I think the difference you observed came from the \topskip that is automatically inserted. You can see the effect by commenting and uncommenting the \topskip0pt macro below.
\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage[showframe,paperwidth=4cm,paperheight=8cm,margin=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage{lipsum}
\newcommand{\vstretch}[1]{\vspace*{\stretch{#1}}}
\begin{document}
\topskip0pt
\vstretch{1}
\noindent\fbox{test}%
\vstretch{1}
\end{document}
answered Dec 17 '10 at 14:12
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I am trying to use this topskip0pt trick in a situation where I am including chapters, but unfortunately, doing so seems to insert a blank page afterward that I do not want. How can I avoid that happening? – jdc Feb 21 '15 at 21:09
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@jdc Better to ask a different question with a minimal. You probably adding some space and the page overflows forcing TeX to issue a new page. – Yiannis Lazarides Feb 22 '15 at 5:16
I got the solution.
\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage[showframe,paperwidth=4cm,paperheight=4cm,margin=1cm]{geometry}
\begin{document}%
\noindent%
\begin{minipage}[c][\textheight][c]{\textwidth}%
\centering\fbox{test}%
\end{minipage}%
\end{document}
