You don't have to use the above
key, just put all the node at the same point.
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[draw, fill, star, star points=6, minimum size=5mm] at (0,0){};
\node[draw, circle, minimum size=8mm] at (0,0){};
\node[draw, diamond, minimum size=1.5cm] at (0,0){};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Edit:
To make the picture smaller, you may either change all minimum size
keys, or put the whole in a \resizebox
like this:
\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric}
\begin{document}
\resizebox{1cm}{!}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node[draw, fill, star, star points=6, minimum size=5mm] at (0,0){};
\node[draw, circle, minimum size=8mm] at (0,0){};
\node[draw, diamond, minimum size=1.5cm] at (0,0){};
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\end{document}
To put all above an (aux) node, you may use:
\node[above=of aux,anchor=center] { \resizebox{ ... tikz construction ... } };
where \resizebox{ ... }
is the above construction