6
Consider the example file
\hsize=70pt a shelf{}ful firefly
\hsize=70pt shelf{}ful firefly
\end
Upon running TeX on it, we get on the terminal
Overfull \hbox (7.58342pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 1--2
[]\tenrm a shelf-ful fire-|
Overfull \hbox (0.63898pt too wide) in paragraph at lines 3--4
[]\tenrm shelfful fire-|
You can notice that in the second ...
3
The hyphenation exceptions are words specified by \hyphenation with specific breakpoints and are fixed in the format, unrelated to a specific document unless you have added extra \hyphenation in your document.
The log file shows you the overfull lines and so the words at the end of the line eg
\documentclass[draft]{article}
\begin{document}
some text ...
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